Motiv "leptirovog sna" u poeziji Macuo Bašoa

Abstract

U istoriji japanske poezije, ime Macuo Bašoa (1644-1694) uvek je povezano sa poetskim žanrom haiku – danas najpoznatijom, i u svetu popularnom, japanskom poetskom formom, koja ima svega 17 slogova raščlanjenih u tri stiha (5-7-5). Iako je u početku haiku bio pesnička razonoda, on će se vremenom razvijati i dostići nivo visoko-estetske umetnosti. Tome je u velikoj meri doprineo i Macuo Bašo koji važi za jednog od najvećih haiku pesnika, ne samo u vreme kada je živeo, već i danas, a njegove se mnoge pesme smatraju remekdelima japanskog pesništva. Zbog toga je cilj ove teze ispitivanje filosofske osnove njegovog pesništva, kao i elemenata koji čine njegovu poeziju posebnom i aktuelnom čak i danas. U proučavanju Macuo Bašoa ne možemo zanemariti uticaj taoizma i zen budizma na njegov rad. Posebno je filosofija Čuang Cea uticala na misao i estetska, kao i pesnička načela Bašoove poezije. U cilju proučavanja ovog uticaja, odlučili smo se za Čuang Ceovu poznatu priču „Leptirov san", u kojoj je ovaj čuveni taoistički filosof izrazio suštinu svoje filosofije. Koristeći se komparativnom metodom u proučavanju Bašoovih pesama u kojima se pojavljuje san ili leptir (ili oba zajedno) pokušaćemo da utvrdimo njegovo shvatanje stvarnosti i života – tačnije, shvatanja jave kao sna i potrebe za velikim buđenjem, a leptira kao simbola nestalnosti postojanja, ali i lakoće življenja. Nadamo se da ćemo na taj način doprineti boljem razumevanju Bašoove poezije, ali i haiku poezije uopšte.

In the history of Japanese poetry the name Matsuo Basho (1644 – 1694) has always been connected with the poetic genre of haiku – nowadays the most famous and renowned Japanese poetic form – which contains only 17 syllables grouped into three verses (5-7-5). Although haiku was initially considered a poetic pastime, in time it evolved and became a highly aesthetic art. Matsuo Basho, who contributed to the development of haiku, is considered to be one of the greatest exponents of this poetry form, and his poems are viewed as masterpieces of Japanese poetry. Therefore, the aim of this work was examination of philosophic ground of his poetry and elements that make his poetry particular, and actual, even today. In studying the poetry of Matsuo Basho, we can’t ignore the influence of Taoism and Zen Buddhism on his work. Especially the philosophy of Chuang Tzu influenced the thoughts and aesthetical and poetical principles of Basho’s poetry. In order to analyze this influence, we decided to use Chuang Tzu’s well-known story Butterfly Dream in which this famous Taoist philosopher expressed the essence of his philosophy. Using the comparative method in analyzing Basho’s haikus in which he wrote of dream, or butterfly, we would try to determine his conception of reality and life – more precisely, on the one hand, conception of reality as a dream and need for the Great Awakening, and on the other, conception of butterfly as a symbol of the imparmenancy of existence, and easiness of living. In that way we hope to contribute to a better understanding of Basho’s poetry, and haiku genre in general.