Novoistorijska tumačenja američke književnosti ustavno-revolucionarnog perioda
New Historicist Interpretations of the American Literature of the Revolutionary Period
Докторанд
Vesić, VioletaМентор
Vukčević, RadojkaЧланови комисије
Felbabov, VladislavaJovanović, Aleksandra
Метаподаци
Приказ свих података о дисертацијиСажетак
Predmet istraživanja ovog rada jeste analiza ameriĉke književnosti
revolucionarnog perioda u svetlu novostorijske kritike. Razlozi za ovakav izbor su
višestruki. Promene u britanskoj kolonijalnoj politici koje su poĉele u drugoj polovini
XVIII veka, a koje su se odnosile na poreze i uređivanje trgovine i vlasti, dovele su do
nemira i rasta nezadovoljstva na tlu američkih kolonija. U godinama koje su usledile,
upravo je kroz knjiţevna dela – kroz pisanu reč Ameriĉke revolucije, došlo do rasta
svesti o politiĉkom i kulturnom identitetu Amerikanaca i o potrebi za nezavisnošću.
Književna dela Ameriĉke revolucije govore o motivima, željama i osećanjima ljudi, koji
su bili sukobljeni protiv tada najveće vojne sile sveta. S druge strane, ova dela govore i
o procesu nastanka i razvoja Amerikanaca, ameriĉkog nacionalnog karaktera, društva i
vlade.
Novoistorijska kritika predstavlja jedan od znaĉajnijih kritičkih pristupa ovom
važnom periodu ameriĉke književnosti od poslednjih decenija XX veka p...a sve do danas.
Godine 1976. obeleženo je dve stotine godina američke nacije. Tada je sva pažnja
Amerikanaca bila usmerena na revolucionarni rat. Sto godina pre toga, Amerikanci su
obeležavali jedan vek postojanja. Književne istorije koje su objavljivane pred proslavu
dvestogodišnjice nezavisnosti bile su interpretacije dešavanja u XVIII veku, ali i
interpretacije interpretacija iz XIX veka. One su uključivale i ono što se u XIX veku
mislilo o revolucionarnom ratu. Činjenica je dakle da čitamo unazad, ali i da čitamo
unapred i da često ne možemo biti sigurni u izvore nekih mišljenja i stavova. Ono što
izvodimo kao zakljuĉak je da prošlost mora uvek biti u sadašnjim razmišljanjima.
Proučavanje književnih dela primenom novoistorijske kritike je proučavanje politike,
istorije, kulture i okolnosti u kojima su ta dela nastala. S obzirom na jednu od glavih
činjenica koja se nalazi u središtu ove kritike da istoriju ne možemo posmatrati
objektivno i da se realnost može razumeti samo kroz kulturni kontekst koji delo otkriva,
ponovno ĉitanje i tumačenje američke revolucionarne književnosti je ne samo ponovno
čitanje tekstova koji su već svima dobro poznati, već čitanje na jedan novi naĉin.
The subject of research of this thesis is an analysis of the revolutionary period of
American literature in the light of the New Historical Criticism. The reasons for this
choice are manifold. Changes in British colonial policy, which began in the second half
of the eighteenth century, and which related to taxes and regulation of trade and
government, led to the growing discontent and unrest in the territory of the American
colonies. In the years that followed, it was through the literary works – through the
written word of the American Revolution, that a growing awareness of the political and
cultural identity of Americans and the need for independence arose. The literary works
of the American Revolution discuss motives, desires, and feelings of people who were
in conflict with the greatest military power of the world then. On the other hand, these
works address the creative process and development of Americans, the American
national character, society and government.
The New Historic...al Criticism has been one of the major critical approaches to
this important period of American literature since the last decades of the twentieth
century. The United States of America celebrated two hundred years of its nation in
1976. Then, all the attention was focused on the American Revolutionary War. One
hundred years ago, Americans celebrated a century of existence. Literary histories that
were published before the bicentennial celebration of independence were interpretations
of events in the eighteenth century, as well as interpretations of the nineteenth century
interpretations. They also included what the nineteenth century people thought of the
revolutionary war. The fact is that we read back, but that we also read in advance and
that very often we cannot be sure of the source of some opinions and attitudes. This
leads to a conclusion that the past must always be in the present deliberations. The study
of literary works by applying the New Historical critical approach is the study of
politics, history, culture, and circumstances in which these works were created. Taking
into consideration one of the main facts, which is in the center of this criticism, that
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history cannot be seen from an objective perspective, and that reality can only be
understood through the cultural context that reveals the literary work, rereading and
reinterpretation of the American revolutionary literature is not only a reading of wellknown
texts, but it is a reading in a new way.