Repair of bone defects that arise as a result of trauma, tumor resection, or congenital
anomalies is still a big challenge for surgeons. More recently, tissue engineering (TE) based
on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an approach that seems promising in the
regeneration of bone. Particularly rich source of MSCs is adipose tissue. Current approach of
using mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (ADSCs) and stem cells in general, in the
tissue engineering and regenerative purposes is characterized by the expansion of these cells
in vitro, and then planting of cells on carriers and their implantation.
Since it has been shown that an environment rich in hydroxyapatite, as well as a natural
bone, can be a good microenvironment for differentiation of ADSC into osteoblasts it was
assumed that those cells in such an environment in the body can provide conditions for the
differentiation into osteogenic cells.
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of adipose tissue in ...regeneration of bone
defects in the rabbit calvaria defect model in two ways, by isolating mesenchymal stem cell
fraction and application without precultivation in vitro, and the application of whole adipose
tissue cut into small pieces. Also the aim was to examine the role of commercial bone deputy
(Bio-Oss) and nanomaterial CP-PLGA (calcium phosphate-poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolide) in
the function of different cell carriers and tissues.
The research included twenty experimental animals separated into four groups of five
animals in each. In the first and the third group Bio-Oss (bovine bone mineral matrix) was
used as a carrier of isolated cells and in the second and the fourth group nanomaterial CPPLGA
was used as a carrier. On calvaria of each rabbit five defects were made from which
four were filled with prepared grafts and implants and the fifth defect remained unfilled and
represented a spontaneous regeneration. The process of creating bone tissue and bone density
in defects were observed radiographically using MSCT-64 scanner after I, III and VI week of
filling defects. Half of the animals (group I and II) were sacrificed after four weeks, and the
rest (group III and IV) after eight weeks of filling defects.
It was found that the degree of osteogenic process in the tested grafts depends on the type
of biomaterial used as a carrier of cells and tissues, as well as biological components that are
combined with it. The use of Bio-Oss in the role of the implant eventually leads to the
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collapse of bone density. If Bio-Oss is used as a carrier in the grafts whose components are
fat or whole blood then contributes significantly to the increasing and maintaining bone
density. Nanomaterial CP / PLGA proved to be a good carrier for adipose-derived
mesenchymal stem cells in regeneration of calvaria. The use of nanomaterials increases bone
density only when used as a carrier for the ADSC. Combining fresh non-induced ADSC with
nanomaterials in blood clots leading to rapid initiation of bone regeneration.
Approach to assisted osteoregeneration which is based on the use of fresh non-induced
ADSC has proven to be promising due to the favorable effect on bone regeneration and their
simplicity. For the final application of ADSC and adipose tissue in regenerative purposes
requires further research in order to improve these processes and optimize them
