Analiza karakteristika dece sa diskalkulijom

Abstract

Svakodnevni neuspesi u matematici su pogubni za samopuzdanje dece, a ako se ne interveniše na vreme, može eventualno uticati na celokupno njihovo iskustvo i kasnije dovesti do razvoja psihijatrijskih simptoma. Shodno tome, osobe koje imaju teškoće u sticanju matematičkih znanja zaslužuju pažnju u cilju boljeg razumevanja problema i pružanja adekvatne, blagovremene pomoći u prevazilaženju iste. Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja je analiza faktora koji utiču na ispoljavanje diskalkulije. Uzorak istraživanja odabran je na osnovu prve faze istraživanja u kojoj smo primenili nestandardizovan matematički test, a obuhvatao je 140 učenika petog razreda svih osnovnih škola na teritoriji grada Kragujevca (83 sa diskalkulijom i 57 kontrola). U istraživanju je korišćena baterija neuropsiholoških testova: Ravenove progresivne matrice u boji, Upitnici za ispitivanje praktognostičkog nivoa deteta (poznavanje šema tela, dominantna lateralizovanost ekstremiteta i čula, poznavanje desno – levo na sebi i drugome, prostorna i vremenska orjentacija), Pijažeove probe, kojima ispitujemo nivo operativnosti mišljenja (serijacije, klasifikacije, konzervacija zapremine, pojam broja i inkluzija klasa), HANES skala, kojom se određuje neuroticizam, emocionalna labilnost i ekstraverzija – introverzija kod dece i mladih od 8 do 17 god, Crtež sata- za ispitivanje vizuo – spacijalne i konstruktivne praksije i Klinička ocena čitanja.

Everyday failures in mathematics are devastating for children’s self-confidence and if ’is not intervened on time, this can influence their complete experience and furthermore contribute to the development of some psychiatric symptoms. According to that, persons who have troubles acquiring mathematical knowledge, deserves attention in order to better understand problem and also help so they could overcome them. Main objective of this study was analyses of factors which influence the manifestation of dyscalculia. Study sample was chosen upon first stage of study in which we have applied not standardized mathematical test that includes 140 fifth grade pupils in all primary schools in City of Kragujevac (83 of them with dyscalculia and 57 control group). In research it was used neuropsychological test battery: Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices, Questionnaires used to determine practognostic level of child (body scheme, dominant laterality of extremities and senses, knowing what is right-left on self and someone, orientation in time and space), Pijaget’s test to determine the stage of operational thought (seriation, classification, volume conservation, number concepts and class inclusion), HANES scale, by which can be determined neuroticism, emotional lability and extroversion – introversion among children and youth ages 8 - 17 years, drawing of clock – testing visuospatial and constructive praxis and clinical evaluation of reading skills.