Varijabilnost anatomskih, fizioloških i morfoloških karakteristika različitih provenijencija bukve u Srbiji

Abstract

Bukva je jedna od najvažnijih vrsta drveća u Srbiji, s obzirom na njenu prostornu zastupljenost i učešće u ukupnoj drvnoj zapremini. Očekivane klimatske promene, koje će se u umereno-kontinentalnoj klimatskoj zoni manifestovati kroz intenziviranje i trajanje suša tokom vegetacionog perioda, imaće negativan uticaj na bukvu, koja je poznata kao vrsta osetljiva na sušu. Danas je gotovo izvesno da će učestale letnje suše voditi ka povećanoj ugroženosti pojedinih ekosistema bukve unutar postojećeg areala, pri čemu pojedine procene idu čak dotle da predviđaju da će usled ovakvih promena doći do redukcije prirodnog areala vrste u pojedinim krajevima. Kao najugroženija područja smatraju se regioni južne i jugo-istočne Evrope, kao i staništa na nižim nadmorskim visinama. Kako bi se uradila procena budućeg areala bukve u sklopu globalnih klimatskih promena i sagledala sposobnosti populacija da se prilagode izmenjenim stanišnim uslovima, u okviru COST akcije E52: "Evaluation of beech genetic resources for sustainable forestry", osnovano je više provenijeničnih testova u više zemalja Evrope. Kako je Srbija bila učesnik navedenog programa to je na njenoj teritoriji, u 2007. godini, osnovano dva provenijenična testa. Jedan je osnovan na teritoriji Nacionalnog parka "Fruška gora", dok je drugi osnovan u okviru Naučno-nastavne baze Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu "Majdanpečka Domena", u Debelom Lugu. Istraživanja sprovedena u okviru doktorske disertacije su bila usmerena na ispitivanje varijabilnosti pojedinih anatomskih, fizioloških i morfoloških parametara u provenijeničnim testovima bukve osnovanim na teritoriji Republike Srbije. Istraživanje je sprovedeno tokom 2010. i 2011. godine i obuhvatilo je ukupno 21 provenijenciju, koje su bile zajedničke za oba lokaliteta. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je postojala značajna genetička varijabilnost kako unutar, tako i između različitih provenijencija, kao i da su rezultati merenja bili pod uticajem kako genetičke konstitucije provenijencija, tako i stanišnih uslova lokaliteta na kojima su testovi osnovani...

Climate is considered to be the main factor that determines forest species distribution. In Serbia, climatic series show a global warming trend and an increase in frequency of summer droughts, which should affect growth and regeneration of tree populations. European beech is one of the major tree species in Serbia, considering its large spatial distribution and involment in total wood volume. Beech is particularly sensitive to drought and high temperatures. In the temperate-continental zone, it is almost certain, based on climate scenarios, that the frequent summer droughts will lead to increasement of vulnerability to some European beech ecosystems within the current range. Changes in climate not only will increase vulnerability of the beech ecosystems but also will reduce natural range of this particular species in some areas. The most endangered areas are considered the regions of South and South-East Europe, as well as stands at the lower altitudes. In order to make predictions of the future distribution range of beech forest ecosystems and insight into the ability of provenances to adapt to the different site conditions, several provenance trials, in five European countries were founded as a final product within COST Action E52: "Evaluation of Beech Genetic Resources for Sustainable Forestry". As a participant of the above mentioned program, two provenance trials were established in 2007 in the Republic of Serbia. One of the trials is situated on the territory of National park "Fruška Gora", while the second one is located on the territory of the Scientific Centre of the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry – "Majdanpečka Domena", in Debeli Lug. Research conducted in this doctoral dissertation was focused on the investigation of variability of anatomical, physiological and morphological parameters of European beech provenances, in two Serbian provenance trials. Study was conducted in 2010 and 2011, and involved 21 provenance in total, which were common for both of the trials. The results showed the significant genetic variation within and between different provenances, and that the measurement results were influenced by genetic constitution of the provenance, as well as site conditions..