Uticaj folijarnog prihranjivanja na hemijski sastav nekih sekundarnih metabolita grožđa

Abstract

Vinova loza (Vitis vinifera L., familija Vitaceae), globalno, je jedna od najznačajnijih voćaka zbog velike upotrebne vrijednosti grožđa. Grožđe i proizvodi od grožđa predmet su mnogih savremenih istraživanja, posebno zbog biološki aktivnih sekundarnih metabolita. Među ovim jedinjenjima se izdvajaju fenolna jedinjenja zbog izraženog antikancerogenog, antimutagenog, antiinflamatornog, antialergijskog i antimikrobnog djelovanja. Iako je fenolni sastav genetski određen, sadržaj fenolnih jedinjenja kao sekundarnih metabolita umnogome zavisi od primijenjenih agrotehničkih mjera, ali i uslova životne sredine. Od posebnog značaja su istraživanja vezana za mogućnost uticaja na akumulaciju fenolnih jedinjenja, kao na primjer preko primjene različitih formulacija, doza i kombinacija đubriva. Glavni cilj ove doktorske disertacije bilo je ispitivanje hemijskog sastava grožđa i praćenje uticaja folijarnog đubrenja sa fosforom i kalijumom na sadržaj fenolnih jedinjenja, kao i šećera i organskih kiselina. Imajući u vidu da su P i K od krucijalnog značaja za sintezu ugljenih hidtrata, kao i transport asimilata do skladišnih organa, očekivan je pozitivan efekat na akumulaciju primarnih, a indirektno i sekundarnih metabolita. S druge strane, mogućnost da sadržaj P u pojedinim organima vinove loze gajene na krečnjačkim zemljištima bude nizak predstavljala je još jedan od razloga zbog kojeg je odlučeno da se sprovede prihranjivanje preko lista sa đubrivom koje u svom sastavu sadrži i P. Sastavni dio istraživanja bilo je i proučavanje međusobnih veza primarnih i sekundarnih metabolita u grožđu sa hranljivim elementima u listu vinove loze. Istraživanje je izvedeno na stonoj sorti 'Kardinal' tokom sazrijevanja u tri termina, tokom dvije uzastopne godine. Folijarno je primjenjivano PK đubrivo, sa veoma malim količinama B, Mn i Mo, u tri navrata svakih 14–15 dana. Prvo tretiranje obavljeno je 15 dana prije početka šarka. Zbog boljeg definisanja agroekoloških uslova, urađena je i analiza zemljišta, a podaci o srednjoj dnevnoj temperaturi, padavinama i broju sunčanih sati bili su obezbijeđeni preko Hidrometeorološkog zavoda Crne Gore...

he grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L., Vitaceae family), is one of the most important fruit at a global level because of the extensive us e of grapes around the world. Grapes and grape products are subject to many modern studi es, especially those looking at biologically active secondary metabolites. Among th ese, phenolic compounds have received great attention due to their strong antica rcinogenic, antimutagenic, anti- inflammatory, antiallergenic and antimicrobial acti vity. Although phenolic composition is genetically determined, the content of phenolic compounds as secondary metabolites largely depends on applied agricultural practices a nd environmental conditions. Of particular interest are investigations on the possi bility of influencing the accumulation of phenolic compounds, e.g. through the application of different formulations, rates and combinations of fertilisers. The main objective of this dissertation was to exam ine the chemical composition of grapes and monitor the impact of foliar feeding with phosphorus and potassium on the content of phenolic compounds, sugars and organ ic acids. Bearing in mind the crucial importance of P and K in the synthesis of c arbohydrates and transport of assimilates to storage organs, a positive effect on the accumulation of primary metabolites and indirect influence on secondary met abolites is expected. On the other hand, foliar fertilisation with P was also carried out because the possibility of low P content in some organs of grapevine grown on calcar eous soils. An integral part of the research was the study of the relationships between primary and secondary metabolites in grapes and nutrients in the grapevine leaf. This study was conducted on cv. ‘Cardinal’ during g rape ripening in three terms over two consecutive years. PK foliar fertiliser co ntaining very small amounts of B, Mn and Mo, was applied three times every 14–15 days. T he first treatment was performed 15 days before the beginning of veraison. For a bet ter definition of agricultural conditions, a soil analysis was conducted, and the data on mean daily temperature, rainfall and number of sunshine hours were provided by the Hydrological and Meteorological Service of Montenegro...