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Spor oko prosvetiteljstva : istorija i savremenost jedne kontroverze

The enlightenment dispute: history and modernity of a controversy

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2014
Disertacija.pdf (3.445Mb)
Author
Krstić, Predrag
Mentor
Babić, Jovan
Committee members
Đurić, Drago
Savić, Mile
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Abstract
Moglo bi se reći da je prosvetiteljstvo (prosvećenost), već od svojih modernih početaka pa sve do savremenih rasprava o njegovom značaju, u hroničnoj nedoumici oko vlastitog odreĎenja i razumevanja. Namera ovog rada je da, pre svega, rasvetli podležeće i produktivne aspekte upotrebe tog naizgled samorazumljivog, a često do nerazabirljivosti višesmislenog pojma. To će se postići detekcijom smeštanja, izmeštanja i premeštanja težišta njegovog značenja i dejstva kod različitih autora koji su ga tematizovali od osamnaestog veka do danas. Kantova definicija prosvećenosti iz njegovog članka „Odgovor na pitanje: šta je prosvećenost?“ poslužiće pritom kao osnovni talon na kojem će se iskušavati vizije prosvetiteljstva. Čini se da se ona pokazala onom nezaobilaznom instancom s obzorom na koju se – priznanjem njene neprolazne merodavnosti, preadaptacijom ili osporavanjem – i dalje artikulišu ili makar prikladno prireĎuju i od nje drugačije koncepcije prosvetiteljstva. Pošto se u uvodnom delu rad...a zadržimo na dilemama odreĎenja sadržaja termina „prosvetiteljstvo“, drugi deo bi se posvetio izlaganju osnovnih pojmova, slika i metafora Kantovog razumevanja prosvećenosti i ukazivanju na njihov prijem i preradu. Središnji deo rada bi se sastojao iz tri osnovna odeljka. U prvom bi se izložile reakcije predstavnika onog konkurentskog, najšire shvaćeno „romantičkog“ programa emancipacije, koji se nekada činio radikalizacijom a nekada napuštanjem prosvetiteljskih ideala individualne slobode, autonomije i dostojanstva. Drugi odreljak bi se pozabavio konzervativnim osporavanjem i „kontekstualističkom“ kritikom prosvetiteljskog „projekta“, a treći njegovim klasičnim i revidiranim odbranama. U završnom delu rada izložiće se anatomija recentnih odbacivanja „ideologije“ prosvetiteljstva i njegove apologije na tragu komunikativno preorijentisanog izvornog programa. Verujemo da se ovakvim predstavljanjem ne samo punktiraju tačke spora koje obeležavaju nastupanje istorijske formacije filozofije prosvetiteljstva, već se ukazuje i na produktivnost novih konceptualizacija i obrada ideja prosvećenosti s obzirom na aktuelne izazove. Već preglednost takvog mapiranja bi se mogla smatrati dovoljnim rezultatom rasprave ali bi se, i preko toga, simptomatski signalizirala uvek iznova intonirana presudnost onih odgovora na pitanje o prosvećenosti koji već više od dva veka orijentišu i obrazuju diskurzivne i političke strategije moderne. Autor sugeriše i celinom rada nastoji da ilustruje uputnost jednog minimalnog i negativnog poimanja prosvetiteljstva koje bi u najvećoj meri poštovalo širinu hermeneutičkog zahteva njegovog istorijskog razumevanja i istovremeno omogućilo produktivno promišljanje aporija njegovog ovovremenog reinstaliranja.

It could be said that the enlightenment, right from its modern beginnings to the contemporary discussion on its importance, is in continues uncertainty about its definition and understanding. The intention of this work is, first of all, to cast light on underlining and productive aspects of usage of this apparently self-explanatory term, that often hides or obscures many meanings. That will be achieved by detecting how the gravity centre of its meaning and impact has been located, dislocated, moved by different authors that have thematised it from the eighteen century until today. Kant's definition of enlightenment in the article “The Answer to the Question: What is the Enlightenment?“ will be used as primary measure to test the visions of the enlightenment. This definition seems to be unavoidable, taking into account that recognition of its authority, its preadaptation or contention, still articulates or at list suitably prepare even those concepts of enlightenment which are very diff...erent from Kant’s own. In the introduction of this work we will look at the dilemma of defining the content of the term „enlightenment“. Second part will deal with main notions, images and metaphors of Kant's understanding of the enlightenment and pointing at their reception and adaptation. The middle part of the thesis will consist of three sections. First will show the reactions of the representatives from the competing, „romantic“ programme of emancipation, that sometimes seems to be the radicalisation and sometime like abandonment of the enlightenment ideals of individual freedom, autonomy and dignity. The second section will engage with the conservative contest, and „contextual“ critique of the enlightenment „project“, and the third will look at its classical and revised defences. The concluding part of this work will show the anatomy of recent rejections of the enlightenment „ideology“ and its apology on the trail of the communicatively reoriented original enlightenment program. We believe that this presentation will not only show points of contest that mark the appearance of historical formation of the philosophy of enlightenment, but also points the productivity of new conceptualisations and elaborations of the idea of the enlightenment in the face of current challenges. The overview of this kind of mapping could be considered as sufficient result of the given discussion, but it would also signalise chronic decisiveness of the answers to the question on the enlightenment, answers that has been for more than two century orientating and shaping the discourse and political strategies of modernity. The author suggests, and with this work attempts to illustrate, the instructiveness of a minimal and negative understanding of the enlightenment that will respect the breadth of hermeneutic's request of its historical understanding, and simultaneously enable productive consideration of the antinomies of its reinstatement in present time.

Faculty:
Универзитет у Београду, Филозофски факултет
Date:
11-07-2014
Projects:
  • Studying climate change and its influence on environment: impacts, adaptation and mitigation (RS-43007)
Keywords:
prosvetiteljstvo / enlightenment / zrelost / emancipacija / romantizam / istorizam / konzervativizam / moderna. / maturity / emancipation / romanticism / historicism / conservatism / modernity
[ Google Scholar ]
Handle
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_3352
URI
http://eteze.bg.ac.rs/application/showtheses?thesesId=1843
https://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/handle/123456789/3352
https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:9503/bdef:Content/download
http://vbs.rs/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=70036&RID=524815767

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