Uloga bajki u analitičkoj psihoterapiji
The use of fairy tales in analytical psychotherapy
Author
Popović, Marijana Ž.Mentor
Mitić, MarijaCommittee members
Vukosavljević-Gvozden, Tatjana
Trebješanin, Žarko
Opačić, Goran

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Show full item recordAbstract
Bajka je - bilo da je reč o usmenoj narodnoj pripovetci ili o umetničkoj formi – poput
mita univerzalni fenomen od izuzetne vrednosti i njeni se arhetipski motivi javljaju u
svim kulturama i epohama poznate istorije. Njoj se podjednako raduju odrasli i deca a
ona svojim narativnim sklopom oblikuje pojedinca i društvo. Otuda je polazna ideja
rada da bajka predstavlja izuzetno važan izvor informacija o psihološkom ustrojstvu,
dinamici i razvoju pojedinca. Uprkos tome njeno mesto i uloga su u gotovo svim
savremenim psihološkim i psihoterapijskim tokovima nepravedno zanemareni a
ukoliko joj psiholozi posvećuju pažnju onda to čine kada je dovode u vezu sa
funkcionisanjem detinjeg uma a kada je reč o ostalim razvojnim stupnjevima gotovo da
ne vide kakvu ulogu igra u njima. Nasuprot dominantnog psihoterapijskog trenda koji
omalovažava ili potiskuje značaj upotrebe bajki u psihoterapiji, u analitičkoj
psihologiji Karla Gustava Junga bajka zauzima značajno mesto. Nekada se koristi kao
psihološk...a građa na kojoj će se demonstrirati ustrojstvo i dinamika ljudske psihe i
njenog razvoja a povremeno će se upotrebljavati kao oruđe psihoterapijskog rada. U
radu demonstriram, oslanjajući se na učenje analitičke psihologije i njenih metoda
poput arhetipske hermeneutike, amplifikacije i narativne analize, kako se motivi bajki
javljaju na raznolike, najčešće skrivene, potpražne načine, tokom svih faza analitičke
psihoterapije. Ujedno izložem savremene poglede na nastanak, migraciju i funkciju
bajki u književnoj teoriji, folkloristici i antropologiji, budući da su spomenute teorije u
značajnoj meri uticale na shvatanje bajki u psihologiji. Bajke otkrivamo u klijentovim
snovima, potisnutim sećanjima, ličnim narativima, ranim traumama, fantazijama ili
asocijacijama. Ukoliko je sam analitičar za njih otvoren, bajke će se javiti i u njegovim
amplifikacijama i u transferno-kontratransfernom odnosu. Analiza bajki još služi kao
oruđe boljeg i potpunijeg razumevanja pacijentovih problema, kompleksa, zastoja u
razvoju kao i u otkrivanju njegovih još neaktuelizovanih psihičkih potencijala
izrastanja i promene. Spomenuti načini i postupci kako se bajka može koristiti tokom
analitičkog procesa u radu su potkrepljeni brojnim primerima iz psihoterapijske prakse.
Fairy tales (including oral folk tales and literary fairy tales) are universal cultural
phenomena of the great importance, and their archetypal motifs can be found in all
cultures and epocs of the known history. Both children and grown ups find them
amusing and thrilling since their narrative form shapes individuals as well as cultures.
The guiding idea of this research is that fairy tales are very important and rich source
for understanding the psychical structure, dynamics and development of the individual.
Despite of this fact, the role and place of the fairy tales in our contemporary
psychological and psychotherapeutic field is underestimated and sparse. If they are
taken into account by chance, this only happens due to the child’s psychology and
development and without any references for some other developmental phases. Inspite
of the present psychotherapeutic standpoint that undermines the role and the
importance of the fairytales, the analytical psychology of Carl Gustav Jung gi...ves
prominent place to them. Jungians often use fairytales as a psychological metaphor for
structure and dynamics of the human psyche, while sometimes they use them in
clinical practice as a means of psychotherapeutc interventions. In my thesis I am
exemplifying, having in mind tenents of analytical psychology and the qualitative
methods of research like archetypal hermeneutics, amplification and narrative analysis,
the ways (most often very subtle ones) fairytales are present in everyday analytical
practice. Also, I ofer an rather comprehensive description of current anthropological,
folkloristic and literary teachings which all cope with questions such as where and how
fairytales developed, the ways they disseminate throughout the world and what is their
function in the human psyche as well. Fairytales are important subject in the theory of
literature, folklor studies, anthropology and all these research from those fields made
great contribution and influence on understanding the fairytales in the field of
analytical psychology and psychotherapy. During analysis one find motifs from
fairytales in the client’s dreams, repressed memories, associations, personal narratives,
early traumas or phantasies. When the analyst is open to the fairy tales their motives
will also surface in transference-countertransference and amplifications, for example.
The analysis of fairy tales in analytical practice help in better and deeper understanding
of patient’s problems, complexes, developmental shortcomings and unrealised psychic
possibilities for growth and individuation as well. Theoretical understanding of the
fairy tales from Jungian perspective are accompanied with examples from the
analytical practice