Religijske promene u postsocijalizmu (komparativna analiza na primeru Jugoslavije i Rusije)

Abstract

Krajem 80-ih i početkom 90-ih godina na religijskim i konfesionalnim prostorima svih postsocijalističih društava, pa i na dominantno pravoslanim prostorima Jugoslavije (Srbije I Crne Gore) i Rusije, sociologija religije je otrkrila u svojim brojnim iskustvenim istraživanjima religioznosti i vezanosti za religiju i crkvu, više ili manje izražene religijske promene. Smatrajući da se radi o procesu koji je posebno značajan kao istraživački izazov za socilogije religije u zemljama tzv. postsocijallizma, predmet ovog istraživanja je određen kao utvrđivanje karaktera, stanja i smera religijskih promena na pravoslavno dominantnim prostorima Jugoslavije i Rusije aktuelnim u poslednjem desetleću burnih sicijalno-političkih previranja u njima. U ovako određenom predmetu istraživanja, glavni zadatak istraživanja jeste u identifikovanju i preispitivanju osnovnih tendecija u religijskim promenama. Oslanjajući se na obiman empririjski materijal o pomenutim promenama u radu se čini pokušaj preciznog detektovanja obima tih promena u različitim sferama religijskog, duhovnog i društvenog života ljudi u tzv. postsocijalističkoj transformaciji društvu (tranziciji). Precizan opis navedenih promena polazi od preciznog opisa religijske situacije u navedenim društvima u vreme socijalizma. Zato ovaj rad uzima u obzir dve vremenske i sadržainske tačke analize religijske situacije: vremensku i opštedruštvenu ravan položaja religija i crkava i stanja religioznosti ljudi u socijalizmu i vremenske i opštedruštvene okvire delovanja crkava i stanje religioznosti ljudi u postsocijalizmu. Preciznom opisu navedenih promena prethodi teorijska rasprava o osnovnim pojmovima istraživanja, kao što su pojmovi religije, (de)sekularizacije, i tranzicije. Cilj istraživanja, naravno, nije samo utvrđivanje obima i smera promena religioznosti građana, nego je jedan od glavnih ciljeva istraživanja pokušaj smeštanja navedenih religijskih promena u odgovarajući društveni kontekst od koga se polazi u njihovoj teorijskoj eksplikaciji...

At the end of 80s and the beginning of 90s the sociology of religion, in its numerous experience-based research of religiousness and attachment to religion and church, detected some more of less evident religious shanges in all postsocialist societies, including predominantly Orthodox countries of Yugoslavia (Serbia nad Montenegro) and Russia. Considering it to be a process of special significance and a research challenge to the sociology of religion, the subject of this research has been defined as the assessment of the character, state and direction of religious shanges in predominantly Orthodox countries of Yugoslavia and Russia which became apperent in those coutries during the socially and politically turbulent last decade. With the subject of the research being defined in that way, the main goal of the research has been to identify nad examine the main tendencies of religious changes. Relying on the large empirical material on the above mentioned changes, this paper has made on attempt do detect the precise scope of those changes in different domains of religious, spiritual and social lives of the majority of people during the so-called “social transformation of society” (or transition). The precise description of the above mentioned changes derives from the precise description of the religious situations it the above mentioned countries during the period of socialism. That is why in this paper I have taken into account two temporal and material items of the analiysis of the religious situation: a temporal and general sicial position of religions and charches and the state of religiousness with people living in socialism on one side and temporal and general social boundaries of church activities and the state of religiousness with people living in postsocialism on the other. The precise description of the above mentioned changes is preceded by a theoretical discussion on the basic nations of the research, namely religion, (de)secularisation and transition. Of course, the goal of the research has not been just to determine the scope and the direction of the changes in religiousness of the citizens, but also to try to set the religious changes in question into the proper socioal context which is the starting point in their theoretical explication...