Смањење економских неједнакости као претпоставка мира: случај Латинске Америке

Abstract

Рад се бави истраживањем економских неједнакости као могуће једног од доминантних узрока насилних сукоба унутар држава на почетку 21. века. При томе, постојећа економска структура узима се као кључни разлог високе стопе економске неједнакости. Аутор кроз анализу кретања међународне и унутрашње неједнакости у другој половини 20. века показује како је управо либерализација и укидање бројних тржишних и не-тржишних баријера главни узрок драстичног пораста два облика неједнакости која су достигла историјски највиши забележени ниво...

The dissertation is researching economic inequalities as, possibly, one of the dominant causes of intra state conflicts as the beginning of the 21st century. By doing that, work is focusing on present economic structure as the key reason for high rates of economic inequality. The author analyzes the trends of international and internal inequalities in the second half of the 20th century and concludes that the main cause of the dramatic increase in both types is market liberalization and elimination of numerous trade and non-trade barriers that led to historically highest recorded inequality levels. In such circumstances, the author concludes that the inequality ceases to be purely economic category and attain wider, social impact. The process of transformation inequality into a violent conflict is explained by using three different theoretical frameworks. The first one (The Resource Mobilization Theory) states that simple existence of inequality is not sufficient for the formation of violent conflict, and that the presence of other elements is necessary as well. By placing importance on categories of interest, organization, mobilization and collective action theory emphasizes the importance of social factors in conflict formation. In addition, Theory of Horizontal Inequalities is also considered due to it’s emphasizing on importance of group membership for economic status of individuals. Finally, into the consideration is taken the Theory of Relative Deprivation which is focusing on the importance of psychological factors, i.e. frustration (in conflict formation) which occurs when large discrepancies between desired and current state present itself. The author notes consistency of this theory in explaining nature of economic inequalities, which is why the concept of relative deprivation is taken as the most suitable one for the explanation of the relationship inequality-conflict.