Problem običajnosti u Hegelovoj političkoj filozofiji
The problem of ethical life Hegel´s political philosophy
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U ovom radu polazi se od teze da se Hegelov problem običajnosti može razumeti
kao pokušaj rešenja jednog od ključnih pitanja moderne epohe, tj. kao odgovor na
problem razdvajanja koji predstavlja signaturu moderne epohe i koji se u modernom
svetu života javlja u različitim vidovima.
Dokaz za tezu najpre se izvodi kroz kritičku hronološku rekonstrukciju evolucije
samog pojma običajnosti u najvažnijim Hegelovim filozofskim i političkim spisima.
Glavne tačke u evoluciji ovog pojma u ranom periodu Hegelove filozofske misli
predstavljaju njegovo shvatanje grčke narodne religije, kritika pozitivnosti hrišćanstva, i
pokušaj da se, u frankfurtskom razdoblju, kao medijumi sjedinjenja iskoriste pojmovi
ljubavi i života. Do značajnih promena u Hegelovom shvatanju problema običajnosti
dolazi u njegovim jenskim spisima u kojima je prvi put uvedena distinkcija između ovih
pojmova.
Ipak, potpuna artikulacija problema običajnosti izvedena je u Hegelovim ključnim
filozofskim spisima; Fenomenologiji duh...a, Enciklopediji filozofskih nauka i Osnovnim
crtama filozofije prava. U ovom delu rada razmatrane su najznačajnije kontroverze
kritika moralnosti sa stanovišta običajnosti kao i druga ključna pitanja koja su obeležila
različite aspekte najnovije recepcije Hegelove filozofije objektivnog duha u dvadesetom
veku, u doba tzv. renesanse praktičke filozofije. U radu se ističe da je Hegel suočen s
problemima modernog građanskog društva izvršio rekonstrukciju pojma običajnosti i, za
razliku od antičkog pojma etosa, u moderni pojam običajnosti uključio pojam
subjektivnosti, koji je doveo do propasti antičke običajnosti.
The departure point of this work is the thesis that Hegel´s problem of ethics can
be understood as an attempt to solve the crucial issue of the modern age, that is as an
answer to the problem of separation which represents the essence of the modern age and
which manifests itself in modern life in various forms.
The evidence for the thesis is at first deduced through a reconstruction of the
evolution of the problem of ethics itself in the most important of Hegel´s writings. The
main points of the evolution of the concept are the following: Hegel´s understanding of
Greek popular religion, the criticism of positive Christianity and its institutions, and an
attempt to find the media of integration in concepts of love. Hegel´s writings and life
from the Jena period show important changes in Hegel´s understanding of the problem of
ethics and for the first time introduce the distinction between these notions.
Yet, the complete speculative and conceptual articulation of the problem of ethics
i...s to be found in Hegel´s systematic writings: The Phenomenology of Mind, The
Encyclopedia of philosophical Sciences and The Philosophy of Right. In this part of the
work crucial controversies of Hegel´s problem of ethics (the criticism of morality from
the standpoint of ethics) which influenced various aspects of the reception of Hegel´s
philosophy of objective spirit in 19. And 20. century are discussed. This work shows that
Hegel, facing the fundamental issues of the modern civil society, provided a
reconstruction of the concept of ethics and that he proved thet, unlike the ancient notion
of ethos, the modern reflexive concept of ethics has to include the concept of subjectivity
which ruined the ancient ethics.
Faculty:
Универзитет у Београду, Факултет политичких наукаDate:
02-07-2012Projects:
- Studying climate change and its influence on environment: impacts, adaptation and mitigation (RS-43007)