Zbog intenziviranja primene pesticida u poljoprivredi ostaci ovih jedinjenja
se danas često detektuju u svim segmentima životne sredine, što za posledicu ima i
povećanje zagađenosti uzgajanih konzumnih biljaka. Porast kontaminacije
prehrambenih proizvoda pesticidima sa ozbiljnim posledicama na ljudsko zdravlje
doveo je do povećane zainteresovanosti za razvijanje strategije u cilju poboljšanja
bezbednosti hrane sa aspekta zagađenosti ovim jedinjenjima. Ispitivanje uticaja
tehnika procesuiranja hrane na smanjenje nivoa zagađenosti pesticidima poslednjih
godina privlači sve veću pažnju. S obzirom da je fermentacija jedan od najstarijih, a
danas veoma zastupljenih vidova prerade hrane, cilj ovog rada je ispitivanje
mogućnosti korišćenja fermentacionih procesa u cilju smanjenja količine ostataka
pesticida, odnosno uticaj fermentativnih mikroorganizama na degradaciju ostataka
pesticida u prehrambenim proizvodima.
U radu je ispitivan uticaj fermentacije bakterijama mlečno kiselinskog vrenja
(...Lactobacillus plantarum) i kvascima (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) na degradaciju tj.
smanjenje nivoa ostataka pesticida (pirimifos-metila, hlorpirifos-metila i bifentrina) u
fermentisanim supstratima žita (Triticum spelta). Takođe je utvrđeno kako i u kom
stepenu ostaci pomenutih pesticida utiču na rast korišćenih fermentativnih
mikroorganizama i proces fermentacije. Istraživanja u okviru rada obuhvatala su:
utvrđivanje faza rasta korišćenih mikroorganizama u datim laboratorijskim uslovima,
optimizaciju uslova mikrobioloških fermentacija, ispitivanje uticaja pomenutih
pesticida na rast fermentativnih mikroorganizama i na proces fermentacije pšenice,
izbor optimalne analitičke metode pripreme uzoraka za određivanje ostataka
ispitivanih pesticida, optimizaciju parametara fermentacije pšeničnog supstrata
(temperatura, trajanje fermentacije i veličina inokuluma) u cilju postizanja
maksimalnog stepena degradacije pesticida i utvrđivanje doprinosa procesa
fermentacije u degradaciji pesticida tj. definisanje uticaja aktivnosti izabranih
fermentativnih mikroorganizama na degradaciju.
Utvrđeno je da su i L. plantarum i S. cerevisiae slabo osetljivi na prisustvo
bifentrina u podlogama za rast, dok prisustvo organofosfata u velikoj meri negativno
utiče na njihov rast u podlozi, pri čemu značajnije na kvasac...
Pesticide residues have become an unavoidable part of the environment. Most
of the applied pesticides find their way as ‘residue’ in the environment, and, once the
environment is contaminated with pesticides, they may easily enter into human food
chain through the plants creating serious acute health problems. Hence it is
significant to evaluate simple, cost effective strategies to enhance food safety from
harmful pesticides. Food processing at domestic and industrial level would offer a
suitable means to tackle the current scenario of unsafe food. In that context, it is
interesting to study the potential loss of pesticide during fermentation as one of the
oldest simple biotechnological process.
In presented work the dissipation of pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyriphos-methyl
and bifenthrin during wheat (Triticum spelta) fermentation by Lactobacillus
plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevsiae was investigated. Additionally, the effect of
used pesticides on the lactobacilli and yeast growth and o...n fermentation efficiency
was as well studied. Experiment conducted for dissertation consisted of:
determination of used microorganisms growth curves in laboratory conditions,
optimization of fermentation condition for uncontaminated wheat, study of effect of
pesticide contamination in the growth substrates on microorganisms growth, study of
effect of pesticides on fermentations efficiency, establishment of optimal analytical
method for determination of pesticide residues in fermented wheat samples,
optimization of fermentation condition (temperature, fermentation time and
inoculums size) in order to obtain the highest pesticide degradation level, and
determination of the individual effects of used fermentative microorganisms strains
on pesticide residues dissipation in wheat.
Obtained results showed that growth of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae in
growth substrates was not inhibited by bifenthrin contamination, while was by
organophosphates, while lactic acid bacteria was, generally, more resistant on
contamination...
Faculty:
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy
