Sadržaj i mobilnost teških metala i organskih jedinjenja u ekosistemu reke Tise
The content and mobility of heavy metals and organic compounds in the ecosystem of the Tisza river
Author
Štrbac, Snežana R.
Mentor
Simonović, Predrag
Jovančićević, Branimir

Committee members
Vasić, NebojšaŠajnović, Aleksandra

Teodorović, Ivana

Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Doktorska disertacija je obuhvata ispitivanje metala i organskih
jedinjenja u ekosistemu reke Tise. Istraţivanja su obavljena od septembra do novembra
2010. godine. Doktorska disertacija je omogućila definisanje: intenziteta antropogenog
uticaja na savremene sedimente reke Tise kroz povišen sadrţaj teških metala; sastava
organske supstance sedimenata reke Tise; razlika između organa riba u prosečnoj
vrednosti koncentracije metala; razlika između ekosistemski različitih vrsta riba u
prosečnoj vrednosti koncentracije metala; razlika između organa trske u prosečnoj
vrednosti koncentracije metala. Na osnovu postavljenih zadataka i cilja istraţivanja
došlo se do sledećih rezultata. Rezultati granulometrijskih ispitivanja pokazali su da
uzorci iz pritoka i donjeg toka reke pripadaju peskovito-glinovitim alevritima, uzorci iz
srednjeg toka – glinovito-peskovitim alevritima, a iz gornjeg toka nalaze se na prelazu
između peskovitih i glinovitih alevrita. Prema trokomponentnom dijagra...mu halkofilni –
litofilni – lantanoidi jasno je uočljivo pomeranje ispitivanih uzoraka ka roglju
halkofilnih elemenata, čime se naglašava i ističe povišenje sadrţaja ovih
mikroelemenata u odnosu na referentne uzorke iz bušotina za koje se sa sigurnošću zna
da su bez ikakvih antropogenih uticaja. Sadrţaj ukupne i rastvorne organske materije je
uniforman u svim uzorcima. Svi uzorci imaju skoro identičnu raspodelu n-alkana,
sterana, tricikličnih i pentacikličnih terpana, što ukazuje na isto poreklo organske
materije. Maksimum n-alkana na n-C27 ili na n-C29 sa dominacijom neparnih članova u
opsegu n-C23 – n-C35 ukazuje na prisustvo nezrele nativne organske materije
terestrijalnog porekla. Na osnovu prisustva terpana i sterana u alkanskim frakcijama
sedimenata sa raspodelama biolipidnih i geolipidniih stabilnijih izomera kakve se mogu
naći u nafti, moţe se zaključiti da je u ispitivanim uzorcima prisutna i organska
supstanca naftnog tipa. Koncentracije metala u različitim organima ribe iz reke Tise
različite su, jetra i škrge predstavljaju organe u kojima je prosečna vrednost
koncentracije metala najviša. Koncentracije metala u ekosistemski različitim vrstama
riba iz reke Tise su različite, prosečna koncentracija metala je statistički značajno viša u
šaranu u odnosu na deveriku, kečigu i štuku. Sprovedenom analizom varijanse potvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između različitih organa trske u prosečnoj
vrednosti koncentracije metala...
This PhD dissertation presents the analysis of the metals and organic
compounds in the ecosystem of the Tisza River. The researches were conducted in the
period from September to November 2010. The PhD dissertation provides defining of:
anthropogenic impact on contemporary sediments through increased level of heavy
metals concentration; the composition of the organic substance of the sediments of the
Tisza River; the difference in the organs of fish with regard to bioaccumulation of
metals; the difference in the fish species with regard to bioaccumulation of metals; the
difference in the organs of a common reed with regard to bioaccumulation of metals. On
the basis of the set aims and objectives of the research, the following results are
obtained. The results of granulometric analyses show that the samples taken from the
tributaries and the lower sections of the river belong to sandy-clay silt; the samples from
the middle section of the river belong to clay-sandy silt, while... those taken from the
upper section of the river are on the classification borderline being between sandy and
clay silt. According to the ternary diagram for chalcophile-lithophile-lanthanides, it is
apparent that there is a shift of the analyzed samples towards the apex of the chalcophile
elements. Defining the composition of the organic substance of sediments of the Tisza
River and its origin both in terms of source and its autochthonous or allochthonous
features, the presence of immature native organic matter of terrestrial origin is
determined, as well as the presence of organic substances of petroleum type. Metals
bioaccumulated in various organs of fish in different concentrations. A liver and gills
are the most affected organs in terms of bioaccumulation. Also, metals bioaccumulate in
different concentrations in different fish species. The analyzed elements have
statistically significant higher bioaccumulation in carp than in bream, sterlet and pike.
The accumulated metals in a common reed are not distributed evenly. The subterranean
organ (rhizome) has a greater capacity for accumulating compared to the organs above
the ground (stem and leaves). Comparing the obtained results with the official Decree
on limit values of pollutants in ground and subterranean waters and in sediment, and
deadlines for reaching these values, it is perceived that there is an increase in Ni compared to its maximum allowed concentration level, except for the samples
originating from the lower section of the river, whose concentration is below the
maximum allowed levels...