Istraživanje oscilatornog komfora putnika u autobusu sa aspekta položaja i kvaliteta sedišta

Abstract

Doktorska disertacija pod nazivom „Istraživanјe oscilatornog komfora putnika u autobusu sa aspekta položaja i kvaliteta sedišta“ imala je za cilj određivanje oscilatornih karakteristika sedišta u cilju poboljšanja udobnosti korisnika čiji je komfor u pojedinim zonama na platformi autobusa u realnim uslovima eksploatacije smanjen ili ugrožen. Drugi cilj istraživanja je bio provera hipoteze da li promena oscilatornih parametara pojedinih sedišta može da omogući da se postigne ujednačen nivo oscilatornog komfora za sve putnike, bez obzira na njihov položaj na platformi autobusa. U radu je definisan originalni prostorni oscilatorni model međugradskog autobusa IK 301, sa 65 stepeni slobode, koji je poslužio kao konkretna podloga za simulaciono istraživanje "zona jednakog oscilatornog komfora". U oscilatorni model je kao pobuda uvedeno sedam različitih neravnosti kolovoza, snimljenih u realnim uslovima eksploatacije, pri različitim brzinama kretanja mernog vozila (tri loše asfalt-betonske podloge pri brzinama od 64 km/h, 72 km/h i 80 km/h; dobar asfalt-beton i vrlo dobra cement-betonska podloga pri brzini od 80 km/h, kao i dve vremenski smaknute pobude - dobar asfalt-beton i vrlo dobar asfalt-beton pri brzini od 90 km/h). Za svakog korisnika autobusa i za svaku oscilatornu pobudu određen je komfor po metodi za kvantifikovanje vibracija celog tela čoveka, prema međunarodnom standardu ISO 2631 (1997). Uvođenje realnih neravnosti kolovoza omogućilo je da se u obzir uzmu različiti uslovi eksploatacije, što je naročito važno prilikom određivanja oscilatornih zona i pravilnog izbora sedišta kojima treba da se poboljša oscilatorna udobnost u autobusu. Poređenje oscilatornih veličina utvrđenih simulacijom sa kriterijumima koji postavlja međunarodni standard ISO 2631 omogućilo je da se oscilatorni komfor oceni na svakom pojedinačnom sedištu. Pokazalo se da se na platformi vozila mogu definisati "zone približno jednakog komfora". Najkomfornija zona nalazi se u srednjem delu vozila (između osovina), a zona najnižeg komfora se nalazi na zadnjem prepustu, što je potvrđeno rezultatima istraživanja za sve vrste podloga i pri svim razmatranim brzinama kretanja...

The aim of doctoral dissertation entitled "Investigation of passengers’ oscillatory comfort in the bus with respect to the seat position and quality" was to define the oscillatory parameters of bus user’s seats with goal to improve ride comfort for users sitting in the platform zones with lower or jeopardized oscillatory comfort, while the bus is running under real operating conditions. The second goal of investigation was to check the hypothesis whether the seats with oscillatory parameters that enable improved vibratory comfort also enable achievement of uniform ride comfort level for all bus occupants, regardless of a seat position on the bus platform. The thesis defines the original spatial oscillatory model of the intercity bus IK 301 with 65 degrees of freedom, used as the basis to determine, by means of simulations, the "almost equal oscillatory comfort zones". The oscillatory model was excited by seven different road roughnesses, registered in service at different speeds (three asphalt-concrete roads in bad conditions recorded at speeds of 64 km/h, 72 km/h and 80 km/h; asphalt-concrete pavement in good condition and cement-concrete pavement in very good condition, both recorded at speed of 80 km/h and two time-staggered excitations - asphalt-concrete in good condition and asphalt-concrete in very good condition, both recorded at speed of 90 km/h). The oscillatory comfort has been determined for each bus occupant and for each excitation signal, according the method for quantifying the whole body vibration prescribed by the international standard ISO 2631 (1997). The introduction of the real excitations into the model allowed the consideration of different bus service conditions, which is especially important for the definition of oscillatory comfort zones and proper choice of seats which should improve the ride comfort. Comparison of oscillatory values defined through simulation and comfort criteria from international standard ISO 2631 (1997) allowed to assess the oscillatory comfort for each particular seat. It is confirmed that the "zones of approximately equal oscillatory comfort" on the vehicle platform can be defined. The most comfortable oscillatory zone is in the middle of the vehicle (between the front and the rear bus axle) and the less comfortable oscillatory zone is on the rear overhang, which is approved by the results of investigation for all road surfaces and for all bus speeds considered...