Garancija projektanta i graditelja za solidnost građevine i njihova imovinska odgovornost

Abstract

Autor je pokušao da u radu iznese valjane dokaze u prilog stavu da su principi pooštrene profesionalne odgovornosti učesnika u izgradnji zbog nesolidnosti građevine, u biti, isti oni principi koji su najpre primenjeni na proizvođača industrijskih proizvoda. Krivica nije uslov njihove odgovornosti, jer je za nju dovoljan nedostatak građevine. Posle primopredaje građevine, učesnici u izgradnji odgovaraju ne samo za nedostatke koji umanjuju sigurnost i stabilnost građevine, nego i za nedostatke koji umanjuju kvalitet. Kao i garancija, i odgovornost za skrivene nedostatke građevine počiva i na ugovoru i na zakonu. U roku od dve godine po prijemu građevine, odgovornost zbog kvalitativnih nedostataka i odgovornost za nesolidnost građevine po osnovu garancije postoje paralelno i alternativno. Posle isteka tog roka, gasi se odgovornost za skrivene nedostatke građevine koji umanjuju njen kvalitet, a ostaje i dalje, punih osam godina, ogovornost učesnika u izgradnji po onovu garancije za solidnost. Nesolidna građevina može da izazove dve vrste štete: zbog mana građevine i štete koja je dalja posledica tih mana, tj. za štetu „od mana" građevine.

The guarantee for the solidity of the building, as well as the garantee of the seller and the manufacturer for the correct functioning, has the form of the guarantee fot the the feature of the things. The guarantee for the solidity covers the defects on the entire building, including normal functioning of the building. Important for the normal functioning of the building are not only the feature of one of its parts, but also the way they are connected into a unit, as well as the characteristics of the land on which the building is built. Therefore, in planner and the building constructor have different and bigger obligations than those which are stipulated by the construction contract as a contract of work /locatio operis/. Within the two-year period upon the hand over of the building, the responibility of the planner and the building constructor for the quality defects and their responsibility for the non-solidity of the building based on the guarantee exist paralelly and alternatively. On expiry of that period, the resposibility for the hidden defects decreasing the quality of the building terminates, while the responsibility of the planner and the building constructor, as well as of other persons who as experts take part in building as based on the guarantee for the solidity, remains for futher eight years. Since it based on law, the obligation of guarantee also creates the contactual resposibility of the planner and building constructor towards the customer, as well as their tort responsibility towards the third persons.