Uticaj citoplazmatične muške sterilnosti i ksenija na prinos zrna i agronomske osobine kukuruza
Impact of cytoplasmic male sterility and xenia on grain yield and agronomic traits of maize
Author
Božinović, Sofija S.Mentor
Prodanović, Slaven
Committee members
Vančetović, Jelena
Šurlan-Momirović, Gordana

Ignjatović-Micić, Dragana

Živanović, Tomislav
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Citoplazmatična muška sterilnost (CMS) odavno se koristi u proizvodnji
hibridnog semena kukuruza, jer povećava kvalitet, a pritom smanjuje troškove
proizvodnje. Ksenija predstavlja efekat stranog oprašivača na zrno majčinskog
genotipa u godini oprašivanja. Kombinovani uticaj CMS i ksenija nazvan je Plushibrid
efekat, a ideja je da se u smeši gaji 80% sterilnog hibrida kao majke i 20%
drugog fertilnog hibrida, kao oca. Mnogi autori su dobili značajno povećanje
prinosa u ovakvom sistemu proizvodnje, bez pogoršanja kvaliteta zrna.
Cilj istraživanja bio je da se u našim uslovima i na domaćim hibridima ispita
pojedinačni i kombinovani uticaj citoplazmatične muške sterilnosti i ksenija na
najvažnije osobine kukuruza i mogućnost uvođenja ovakvog sistema gajenja u
komercijalnu proizvodnju u Srbiji.
Ogled je bio postavljen po potpuno slučajnom blok (RCB) split-split plot
eksperimentalnom dizajnu u tri ponavljanja u Zemun Polju od 2009. do 2011.
godine. Kao majke su se koristili sterilne (CMS-S ...tip) i fertilne verzije hibrida ZP 1 i
ZP 2, dok su očevi bili hibridi ZP 1ft, ZP 2ft, ZP 3ft, ZP 4ft i ZP 5ft. Ispitivan je
pojedinačni, kao i kombinovani uticaj CMS i ksenija na najbitnije osobine kukuruza.
Takođe, pomoću SSR markera utvrđena je genetička distanca između korišćenih
genotipova, da bi se našla veza između distance i efekta ksenija u Plus-hibrid
kombinaciji.
Samo kod jednog CMS hibrida, ZP 2st, je došlo do neznačajnog povećanja
prinosa zrna (0,45 t/ha), kod kog je došlo i do značajnog povećanja težine zrna i
broja zrna po jedinici površine. Slab odgovor genotipova na sterilnost objašnjava
se time što je korišćen CMS-S tip, kod koga pozitivan efekat sterilnosti ne dolazi do
izražaja kao kod ostala dva tipa. CMS je uticala na značajno povećanje sadržaja ulja
u zrnu kod ZP 2 (0,21%). Infekcija zrna sa Fusarium verticillioides bila je veća kod
oba sterilna hibrida, dok je sadržaj mikotoksina specifičnog za ovu vrstu gljive,..
Because it increases quality and reduces costs at the same time, cytoplasmic
male sterility (CMS) has been used in maize hybrid seed production since long ago.
Xenia is the effect of foreign pollinator on the kernel of maternal genotype in the
year of crossing. The combined effect of CMS and xenia is referred to as a Plushybrid
effect and the idea is to grow in mixture 80% of one sterile hybrid as
mother and 20% of the other fertile hybrid as father. Many authors got significant
increase in grain yield in this production system, without grain quality
deterioration.
The aim of the research was to examine individual and combined effect of
cytoplasmic male sterility and xenia on the most important maize traits of
domestic hybrids, in our environment, as well as the possibility of introduction of
this kind of growing system in the commercial production in Serbia.
The three-replicate trial was carried out according to randomized complete
block (RCB) split-split plot design in Zemun Polje du...ring 2009, 2010 i 2011. Sterile
(CMS-S type) and fertile versions of ZP 1 and ZP 2 hybrids were used as mothers,
while ZP 1ft, ZP 2ft, ZP 3ft, ZP 4ft and ZP 5ft hybrids were fathers. Individual and
combined effects of CMS and xenia on the most important maize traits were
examined. Also, genetic distance between used genotypes was determined using
SSR markers, to find the relationship between distance and xenia effect in a Plushybrid
combination.
Only one CMS hybrid, ZP 2st, had insignificant increase in grain yield (0,45
t/ha), and at the same time significant increase in kernel weight and kernel
number per unit area. Weak response of the genotypes to sterility is explained with
the use of CMS-S type, in which positive effect of sterility doesn’t come to the fore
as in the other two types. CMS had significant impact on kernel oil content increase
in ZP 2 (0,21%). Kernel infection with Fusarium verticillioides was higher for both
sterile hybrids, while kernel content of mycotoxin fumonisin B1, specific for this fungi species, in ZP 1st was significantly lower, and in ZP 2st insignificantly higher
then in fertile analogue...