Optimizacija mehanizovanog procesa ubiranja kamilice (Matricaria chamomilla L.)
Optimization of mechanized harvesting of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)
Author
Pajić, Miloš B.Mentor
Oljača, MićoCommittee members
Radojević, Rade
Marković, Dragan
Jelačić, Slavica

Ivanović, Sanjin

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Show full item recordAbstract
Intenzivna proizvodnja kamilice (Matricaria chamomilla L.) podrazumeva
proizvodnju gde se svi tehnološki postupci gajenja i prerade mogu obaviti sredstvima
mehanizacije poljoprivrede na optimalan nacin i uz racionalan utrošak energije. Tema
istraživanja u ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji je mehanizovan postupak ubiranja kamilice.
Zahtevu za mehanizovanim postupkom ubiranja kamilice odgovorili su mnogi
domaci i svetski proizvoaci poljoprivrednih mašina, koji su proizveli veci broj
konstrukcija i tipova mašina koje se meusobno razlikuju, kako po tehnickim,
konstruktivnim karakteristikama, tako i po kvalitetu rada i ostvarenim ucincima. Takva
pojava je ovo istraživanje usmerila ka svestranom proucavanju odabrene teme sa ciljem
izbora odgovarajuce mašine koja ce najbolje odgovarati uslovima rada na parcelama
pod kamilicom. U tehnologiji proizvodnje kamilice proces ubiranja cvasti kamilice je
tehnicko-tehnološki najzahtevniji i ima veliki uticaj kako na kvalitet dobijene droge,
tako i na dobit o...stvaren proizvodnjom.
U ovoj disetaciji su ispitivana tri konstrukcijski i koncepcijski razlicita tipa
kombajna za ubiranje kamilice. Praceni su tehnicki, tehnološki, biološki, meteorološki i
eksploatacioni pokazatelji koji uticu na ocenu efikasnosti rada ispitivanih kombajna.
Kao osnovne parametre treba izdvojiti režim rada, kvalitet i gubitke ostvarene tokom
ubiranja, energetsku i ekonomsku opravdanost korišcenja pojedinih kombajna.
U radu su primenjene tri metode optimizacije najuticajnijih parametara rada
kombajna, kako bi se ustanovio optimalan kombajn i režim rada u odreenim
agroekološkim uslovima, prema zadatim kriterijumima ocenjivanja.
Tehnološka proizvodnost (ucinak) kombajna za ubiranje kamilice zavisi
iskljucivo od radnog zahvata i brzine kretanja kombajna. Najveci prosecan ucinak
postigao je kombajn A od 0,65 ha/h, pa kombajn B sa 0,57 ha/h i kombajn C sa 0,56
ha/h. Najmanju potrošnju goriva po jedinici površine su ostvarili kombajni u režimu
rada V3, gde je najekonomicniji bio kombajn B sa potrošenih 23,86 l/ha, pa kombajn C
sa 33,51 l/ha i kombajn A sa potrošnjom od 45,78 l/ha. Može se konstatovati da viši
režim rada (veca brzina kretanja i broj obrtaja berackog ureaja) donosi i vece ukupne
gubitke. Najvece prosecne ukupne gubitke ostvaruje kombajn A (39,77%) dok se kod
kombajna B i C oni krecu oko 20%. Sva tri ispitivana kombajna, u sva tri režima rada,
ostvaruju približan kvalitet ubiranja cvasti kamilice, narocito kada se posmatraju
njihove prosecne vrednosti, kao i zbirno I i II kategorije kvaliteta (kombajn A: 68,5-
92,1%; kombajn B: 69,9-90,7%; kombajn C: 62,2-86,1%)...
Intensive production of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is the
kind of production in which all technological processes of growing and processing
chamomile can be carried out by mechanized agricultural resources in an optimal way
and with a rational energy consumption. Topic of research in this doctoral dissertation is
mechanized process of harvesting chamomile.
Many domestic and international manufacturers of agricultural machinery have
responded to the request for mechanized harvesting procedure chamomile and produced
a number of constructions and types of machines, which differ in both the technical,
structural characteristics, and quality of work and its effects. Such a phenomenon has
directed this research towards a comprehensive study of the chosen topics, with the
objective to recommend adequate machine that will best suit the work conditions on the
chamomile fields. Harvesting chamomile blossom is technically and technologically the
most demanding process in the chamomile p...roduction technology and has a great
influence on both the quality of drugs received, and the income generated in production.
In this dissertation, three structurally and conceptually distinct types of
chamomile harvester were tested. We assessed the technical, biological, meteorological,
and operating parameters that affect evaluating the efficiency of the examined
harvesters. Working mode, quality and losses realized during the harvesting, as well as
energetic and economic feasibility of using certain harvesters, should be emphasized as
the basic parameters.
Three optimization methods were used for optimizing the most influential
parameters of combine work, in order to determine the optimal combine and the
working under the specific ecological conditions, according to the specified evaluation
criteria.
Technological productivity (efficiency) of chamomile harvester depends only on
the working width and speed of the combine. The highest average efficiency of 0.65 ha /
h was achieved by harvester A, then harvester B with average 0.57 ha / h and finally
harvester C with average 0.56 ha / h. The lowest fuel consumption per unit area
achieved harvesters working in V3 mode, where the harvester B was the most
economical and consumed 23.86 l / ha, followed by the harvester C with 33.51 l / ha and
the harvester A with 45.78 l / ha. It can be concluded that the “higher” mode (with
higher travel speed and speed of turning - rpm) brings greater total losses. Harvester A
realized the highest average total losses (39.77%) while with combine B and C they
were about 20%. All three harvesters, in all three working modes, achieve the
approximately equal quality of harvested chamomile blossom, especially when
considering their average values, as well as the sum of I and II category (A harvester:
68.5 to 92.1%; harvester B: 69.9 to 90.7%; harvester C: 62.2 to 86.1%)...