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Procena efikasnosti hirurškog lečenja kod dece sa ekstrahepatičnom portnom hipertenzijom

Assessing the effectiveness of surgical treatment in children with extrahepatic portal hypertension

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2013
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Author
Sretenović, Aleksandar Lj.
Mentor
Krstić, Zoran
Committee members
Davidović, Lazar
Golubović, Zoran
Perišić, Vojislav
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Abstract
Portna hipertenzija predstavlja stanje stalno povišenog pritiska u portnom venskon sistemu koji prelazi 10 mm Hg stuba odnosno 17 cm vodenog stuba. Izučavanje problematike portne hipertenzije u dečjem uzrastu predstavljalo je veliki izazov za generacije pedijatara i dečijih hirurga.Tretman ekstrahepatčke forme hipertenzije, najčešće forme portne hipertenzije u pedijatrijskoj populaciji bio je tokom proteklih decenija predmet mnogobrojnih diskusija i razmimoilaženja kada je u pitanju inicijalni tretman i izbor najbolje hirurške procedure ze lečenje ovih bolesnika. Kontroverze i dalje postoje kada je u pitanju inicijalna terapija pacijenata sa krvarećim gastroezofagealnim variksima, najčešće i najopasnije komplikacije portne hipertenzije. Tretman dece sa krvarećim variksima kod ekstrahepatične portne hipertenzije, kao posledicom portne venske tromboze se promenio razvojem endoskopije tokom osamdesetih godina prošlog veka. Endoskopska sklerozacija i ligacija variksa postale su inicijalna ...terapija za krvareće varikse u dečijem uzrastu, što je dovelo čak i do napuštanja šant hirurgije u većini pedijatrijskih centara. Endoskopska skleroterapija ili ligacija variksa preporučivale su se od strane izvesnog broja autora čak i kao metoda izbora u lečenju potne hipertenzije. Njihove preporuke se bazirale su se na zapažanju da se rizik od ponavljanih variksnih krvarenja smanjuje vremenom sa rastom deteta i razvojem spontanih portosistemskih kolaterala, odnosno prirodnih šantova, te da deca „prerastu“ krvarenje iz variksa. Ovaj koncept medjutim ima osnova za kritike. Naime, istraživanja su pokazala da prirodnim spontanim kolateralama, čak i ukoliko nastanu, potrebno je izvesno vreme da se razviju, koje se ne retko meri u godinama. Za sve to vreme medjutim, pacijent je pod velikim rizikom od iznenadnih ponavljanih obilnih krvarenja iz variksa jednjaka, koja se mogu pojaviti i posle nekoliko godina nakon endoskopske ligacije ili sklerozacije variksa. Ova činjenica predstavlja naročito veliki problem za pedijatrijske pacijente koji žive daleko od specijalizovanih medicinskih centara. Dalje, skleroterapija se pokazala kao neadekvatna u kontroli krvarenja iz gastričnih variksa koji predstavljaju prirodni tok u evoluciji portne hipertenzije kao dinamičkog i progresivnog procesa, zatim iz variksa u slučaju postojanja Roux-en-Y anastomoze ili intestinalnih variksa. Progresivni hipersplenizam takodje ostaje kao problem koji nije moguće rešiti ponavljanim endoskopskim sklerozacijama ili ligacijama variksa. Sve ovo navodi na razmišljanje o ranom izvodjenju šant operacije kod pacijenata sa ekstrahepatičkom portnom hipertenzijom...

Portal hypertension is a condition of continuous high blood pressure in the portal venous system exceeding 10 mm Hg or 17 cm of water column. The treatment of portal hypertension in children has always been a challenge for generations of pediatricians and pediatric surgeons. In recent decades, the treatment of extrahepatic portal hypertension, the most common form of portal hypertension in the pediatric population has been the subject of many discussions and disagreements when it comes to the choice of initial treatment and surgical procedures. Controversy continues to exist when it comes to initial treatment of patients with bleeding gastroesophageal varices, the most often and dangerous complication of portal hypertension. Treatment of children with bleeding varices in extrahepatic portal hypertension has changed throughout the eighties of the last century. Endoscopic variceal ligation and sclerotherapy became the initial treatment for bleeding varices in children, which led to the a...bandonment of shunt surgery in most pediatric centers. Endoscopic procedures were recommended by a number of authors as a single method of choice in the treatment of portal hypertension. Their recommendations were based on the observation that the risk of recurrent variceal bleeding decreases over time as the child grow older with the development of spontaneous portosystemic collaterals or natural shunts, and that the children will "grow out" the variceal bleeding. However, there is a place for criticism of this concept. In fact, studies have shown that natural spontaneous collaterals, even if they occur need some time to develop, which is very often measured in years. However, during this period the patient is at risk of recurrent sudden heavy bleeding from esophageal varices, which may occur several years after endoscopic variceal ligation or sclerotherapy. This fact is very difficult, especially for pediatric patients who lived far from specialized medical centers. Furthermore, sclerotherapy has proved to be inadequate in controlling bleeding from gastric varices, which are in the natural course of evolution of portal hypertension as a dynamic and progressive process, and also from varices in case of a Roux-en- Y anastomosis, or intestinal varices. Progressive hypersplenism also remains a problem that can not be solved with repeated endoscopic variceal ligation or sclerotherapy. All this leads to consideration of performing early shunt surgery in patients with extrahepatic portal hypertension...

Faculty:
Универзитет у Београду, Медицински факултет
Date:
17-04-2013

DOI: 10.2298/bg20130417sretenovic

[ Google Scholar ]
Handle
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_2388
URI
http://eteze.bg.ac.rs/application/showtheses?thesesId=760
https://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/handle/123456789/2388
https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7064/bdef:Content/download
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