Uticaj usaglašenosti modela kvaliteta i poslovnog modela na performanse malih i srednjih preduzeća

Abstract

Unapređenje poslovanja preduzeća i ostvarivanje održive konkurentske prednosti na tržištu predstavlja zadatak svakog menadžmenta. Modeli kvaliteta i poslovni modeli predstavljaju osnov za identifikaciju slabosti, pružajući preporuke za bolje poslovanje. U akademskom kontekstu, modeli kvaliteta i poslovni modeli predstavljaju različite pravce istraživanja koja se bave unapređenjem poslovanja preduzeća. Usaglašenost ovih modela može rezultirati značajnim koristima i poboljšanjem poslovnih performansi. Ovakav pristup omogućava stvaranje sinergije između kvaliteta proizvoda i poslovnih strategija, čime se postiže efikasnost, konkurentska prednost i održivost preduzeća na tržištu. U okviru ove doktorske disertacije razvijeno je tri modela. Prvi model za ocenu kvaliteta i rangiranje preduzeća je zasnovan na EFQM (eng. European Foundation for Quality Management) modelu poslovne izvrsnosti proširenom sa više-atributivnim metodama odlučivanja (eng. Multi-Attribute Decision Making-MADAM) koje su proširene sa teorijom fazi skupova (eng. Fuzzy Sets Theory-FST). Kriterijumi kvaliteta koji su preuzeti iz EFQM modela su otežani primenom fazi analitičkog hijerarhijskog procesa (eng. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process-FAHP) i fazi metode najbolji-najlošiji (eng. Fuzzy Best Worst-FBWM) respektivno pri čemu je analizirana osetljivost rešenja. Na osnovu dobijenih težina kriterijuma rangiranje preduzeća je sprovedeno primenom fazi metode višeciljne optimizacije zasnovane na analizi odnosa (eng Fuzzy Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis-FMOORA). Drugi razvijeni model, model za klasifikaciju komponenti poslovnih modela (KPM) koji je predložen u okviru ove doktorske disertacije obuhvata sistematizaciju i klasifikaciju KPM-a u grupe KPM-a primenom metode optimizacije, grananja i ograničavanja (eng. Branch and Bound – B&B). U okviru trećeg modela je izvršeno ispitivanje uticaja usaglašenosti modela kvaliteta i poslovnog modela na ključne indikatore performansi kvaliteta malih i srednjih preduzeća (MSP) primenom korelacione i regresione analize. Model je zasnovan na rezultatima dobijenim iz prethodna dva modela i indikatorima perfomansi kvaliteta ključnim za proizvodna preduzeća iz sektora MSP. Određivanje optimalnog nivoa poboljšanja nivoa kvaliteta i nivoa prepoznavanja KPM je zasnovan na primeni veštačkih neuronskih mreža (eng. Artificial Neural Networks- ANN). Predloženi modeli su testirani i verifikovani na podacima dobijenim od preduzeća koja posluju na teritoriji Republike Srbije i po svojim karakteristikama pripadaju sektoru MSP.

Improving business and achieving sustainable competitive advantages in the market represents the task of every management. Quality models and business models provide the basis for identifying weaknesses and offering recommendations for better business practices. In an academic context, quality models and business models represent different directions of research that deal with improving the business of enterprises. The alignment of these models can result in significant benefits and improvements in business performance. This approach allows the creation of synergy between product quality and business strategies, thereby achieving efficiency, competitive advantage, and the sustainability of enterprises in the market. Within this doctoral dissertation, three models have been developed. The first model for evaluating the quality and ranking of companies is based on the EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) model for business excellence expanded with multi-attribute decision-making (MADAM) methods, extended with the theory of fuzzy sets (FST). Quality criteria taken from the EFQM model are weighted using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Fuzzy Best-Worst (FBWM) methods, respectively, with an analysis of solution sensitivity. Based on the obtained criteria weights, the ranking of companies is conducted using Fuzzy Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (FMOORA). The second developed model, the model for classifying components of business models (BMCs) proposed within this doctoral dissertation, includes the systematization and classification of BMCs into groups using optimization method, branch and bound (Branch and Bound – B&B). Within the third model, an examination of the impact of the alignment of the quality model and the business model on key performance indicators of quality for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is conducted using correlation and regression analysis. The model is based on the results obtained from the previous two models and performance indicators of quality relevant to production companies in the SME sector. Determining the optimal level of quality improvement and the level of BMCs recognition is based on the application of artificial neural networks (ANN). The proposed models have been tested and verified on data obtained from enterprises operating on the territory of the Republic of Serbia and belonging to the SME sector.