Unapređenje energetske efikasnosti višeporodičnih zgrada iz perioda usmerene stambene izgradnje u Nišu primenom pasivnih mera

Abstract

Buildings, as the main element of the physical structure of all urban functions, greatly influence long-term energy consumption, with the impact particularly visible within the housing sector. Starting from the fact that existing buildings are not a problem but a symptom of the state of our society, the improvement of their energy efficiency (EE) is seen as a necessary element that should contribute to the sustainable development of the built environment. In the second decade of the 20th century, the highest energy consumption in Serbia was in the residential sector (35.2% on average), which is a consequence of insufficient involvement in building EE improvement. Modern sustainable strategies for improving the EE of buildings should meet the integrated social, technical, economic, and environmental needs of various stakeholders. In the dissertation, research was conducted on the possibility of applying passive measures (insulation, insulating glazing, glazing of balconies and loggias, and green roofs) to improve the EE of multi-family buildings from the period of state–directed housing construction (USI), in which intensive and mass construction of multi-family buildings with specific architectural expression and materialization took place in Serbia. For the analysis of the EE improvement model of a representative multi-family residential building in Niš, a fully prescribed monthly quasi-steady-state calculation method supported by the software package "KnaufTerm2" version v28.24 was applied. The main focus of the research is on the glazing of balconies and loggias, a phenomenon characteristic of these areas, whose potential in terms of reducing the required energy for heating has not been sufficiently explored in our practice. The potential of glazing balconies and loggias to reduce heating energy demand in a representative building was first analyzed, concerning the type of glazing (single, double ordinary, and thermally insulating glazing), and then in relation to the impact of improving the thermal characteristics of the elements of the thermal envelope of balconies and loggias on efficiency. Finally, the contribution of glazing balconies and loggias in models of EE improvement according to the defined concepts was analyzed. The obtained results showed a significant contribution of glazing balconies and loggias in reducing the required energy for heating a multi-family building from the USI period for local climatic conditions.