Uticaj srpskog kao maternjeg jezika na usvajanje francuskog kao ciljnog jezika

Abstract

Osnovni predmet ovog rada je usvajanje francuskog jezika kod učenika čiji je maternji jezik srpski, pa samim tim i pozitivan i negativan transfer usled kontakta ova dva jezika. Ciljevi ovog rada mogli bi se svrstati među teorijske i praktične. Teorijski cilj rada odnosi se na problematiku učenja i usvajanja jezika i analizu i rasvetljavanje psiholoških, psiholingvističkih i kognitivnih procesa usvajanja i korišćenja stranog jezika. Teorijski cilj odnosi se na razumevanje procesa učenja i usvajanja jezika i razumevanje metalingvističke svesti učenika. Praktični cilj ovog istraživanja je da otvori nove ideje za strategije čije bi primenjivanje u nastavi jezika dovelo do efektivnijih rezultata, tačnije do boljih kompetencija na francuskom jeziku. Takođe ovaj cilj se odnosi na način predavanja francuskog jezika u školskim okvirima i analiziranje samog procesa i načina izvođenja nastave, te da se putem empirijskog istraživanja dođe do što efikasnijih rešenja koja bi olakšala učenje i usvajanje francuskog jezika. U radu se primenjuje mešovita metoda istraživanja: kvantitativno istraživanje odnosi se na test za određivanje nivoa znanja francuskog jezika i test primene poznavanja gramatike i služi za poređenje nivoa znanja između dve grupe učesnika istraživanja – učenika u Srbiji i alofonih učenika u Francuskoj. Kvantitativno istraživanje odnosi se na poređenje usmene i pisane govorne produkcije ove dve grupe. Rad se sastoji iz pet poglavlja. U prvom poglavlju dat je predmet i cilj rada, zatim osnovne hipoteze, kao i metodologija rada. U drugom poglavlju definisani su pojmovi učenja i usvajanja jezika, dat je pregled teorija o usvajanju jezika, a zatim i metoda i faktora koji utiču na učenje/usvajanje. U trećem poglavlju date su lingvističke karakteristike francuskog i srpskog jezika i opisane neke sličnosti i razlike u strukturi ova dva jezika. Četvrto, ključno poglavlje, bavi se tokom istraživanja i predstavljanjem rezultata. Nakon detaljnog opisa metodologije i toka istraživanja, predstavljeni su rezultati istraživanja, nakon čega sledi diskusija rezultata. Rezultati iz ovog poglavlja su sažeti u petom poglavlju koje predstavlja zaključak, pedagoške implikacije i preporuku za buduća istraživanja.

The main subject of this paper is the acquisition of French language in students whose mother tongue language is Serbian, which simultaneously leads to the occurrence of positive and negative transfer due to contacts between these two languages. The aims of this particular paper could be classified as the theoretical and practical ones. The theoretical aim of the paper itself refers to all the issues related to language acquisition and learning, complete with unravelling the psychological, psycholinguistic and cognitive processes of language acquisition and learning and use of a foreign language. The theoretical aim refers to the comprehension of the process of language acquisition and learning along with understanding the metalinguistic awareness of learners. As regards the practical aim of our research, it is related to devising new ideas for construing various strategies, the implementation of which would increase teaching effectiveness and produce better results, or more precisely, it would lead to acquiring better competencies in the French language. Furthermore, this particular aim refers to the French language teaching methods used within the school system, along with the analyses of the very process of teaching and various teaching methods as well, so that more efficient solutions could be obtained by means of empirical research and used for the purpose of facilitating the process of learning and acquisition of the French language. Mixed methods research is applied in this paper: the quantitative research, which entails tests used for the purpose of measuring the French language proficiency complete with grammar tests, is used to compare the levels of knowledge of the French language between the two groups of our study participants – students in Serbia and allophone students in France. The quantitative research refers to the comparison between oral and written verbal production of the abovementioned groups. This paper consists of five chapters. The first chapter is comprised of the following content: the subject of the paper, the aim of the paper, the main hypotheses along with the methods. The second chapter includes the definitions of both terms language acquisition and learning, the review of theories on language acquisition are given as well, complete with the methods and factors influencing the language learning/acquisition. The third chapter refers to the linguistic characteristics of the French and Serbian language. In addition, the same chapter consists of a presentation of similarities and differences observed in the structure of the abovementioned languages. The fourth chapter, the most significant one, is centred upon the research itself and the presentation of our findings. After a thorough presentation of the methodology and research, our ultimate findings are shown, being followed by the discussion chapter. The results observed in this particular chapter are summarised in the fifth chapter which represents our conclusions, complete with all the pedagogical implications and our recommendations for further research.