Bazične i specifične motoričke sposobnosti košarkaša u kolicima različitog takmičarskog nivoa

Abstract

Introduction: Success in wheelchair basketball as an intermittent sport largely depends on the athletes' physical performance (basic and specific motor skills), therefore adequate knowledge of the coach about the abilities and individual characteristics of each player on the basketball court is necessary. In the available literature on the subject of wheelchair basketball, there is a lack of research aimed at examining the differences in the basic and specific motor skills of players of different competitive levels (divisions), as well as differences in relation to the classification points, that is, the functional trunk stability of wheelchair basketball players. Accordingly, the aim of this research was to determine the differences in the basic and specific motor skills of basketball players in wheelchairs B and C divisions, as well as the differences in relation to the classification of players into high (from 3.0 to 4.5) and low (from 1.0 to 2.5 ) classification classes within the same competition division. Method: The total number of participants included in this research is 52 male wheelchair basketball players, members of the national teams of Serbia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, aged between 16 and 54, who compete in the B and C divisions. The distribution of respondents into four groups was made based on the level of competition in which they compete (B and C divisions), as well as classification points and functional trunk stability within same competition division. Fourteen different wheelchair basketball tests were used to assess the basic and specific motor skills of basketball players (nine tests of basic and five specific motor skills). The data were processed in the statistical package SPSS and were presented with the parameters of descriptive statistics. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of the distribution of results. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine differences between groups of respondents at the univariate level, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used at the multivariate level. The p<0.05 level of significance was used for the statistical significance of differences in results between groups. Results: Using multivariate analysis of variants, statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were determined in the tested area of basic motor skills between the total sample of wheelchair basketball players in B and C division, as well as between groups of B and C division players with low classification points. A significant difference in basic motor skills at the multivariate level was not found between players with high classification points B and C divisions, as well as between wheelchair basketball players who belong to different groups based on functional stability of the trunk and compete within the same divisions. At the univariate level, statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were found in speed and agility tests in favor of B division players compared to C division players both in the total sample and when the results are considered individually by group based on the functional stability of the trunk, while no significant differences were found in the applied strength tests. Within the B division, there is a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in speed and strength in favor of basketball players with high classification points compared to players with low points, while significant differences in agility were not determined. There was no significant difference in most of the applied tests of basic motor skills between the groups of wheelchair basketball players within the C division, and significant differences (p<0.05) were found only in the strength tests (throwing a basketball and medicine ball), as well as one of the agility tests. At the multivariate level, statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in specific motor abilities were found between the groups of wheelchair basketball players of the B and C divisions and between the subsamples after division based on functional classification scores. The results of the one-way ANOVA at the univariate level in specific motor abilities indicate significant differences (p<0.05) in favor of players in the B division compared to players with identical classification points in the C division. There are no significant differences between players in the same competition divisions in the performance of most tests of specific motor skills, and statistically significant differences were found only in the two test, 20m sprint with a ball and lay-ups test. Conclusion: Finally, the results of this research indicate that there are evident differences between wheelchair basketball players on different competitive levels in most of the parameters of basic motor skills (primarily speed and agility) and specific motor skills. The differences that exist between basketball players who belong to different classification categories, with different functional stability of the trunk and who compete within the same division, are not as obvious as compared to wheelchair basketball players who compete in higher quality divisions.