Finansiranje spoljne trgovine Srbije
Serbian foreign trade financing
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Preduzećima, koja se bave spoljnom trgovinom, finansijska sredstva su potrebna za
organizovanje proizvodnje za izvoz i za finansiranje prodaje robe i usluga inostranim partnerima. Ekonomska i finansijska teorija, trgovinska i bankarska praksa, zakonodavstva pojedinih zemalja razvili su različite modalitete finansiranja. Izbor finansijskih opcija, koje su prisutne na finansijskom tržištu, na prvom mestu zavisi od: veličine preduzeća, vrste i faze razvoja preduzeća, pristupa finansiranju i troškova finansiranja, uslova međunarodnih plaćanja, upravljanja rizicima i stabilnosti makroekonomskog okruženja.
Sa razvojem oblika trgovanja razvijali su se međunarodno finansijsko tržište,
instrumenti i mehanizmi finansiranja i institucije na nacionalnom i nadnacionalnom
nivou. Transnacionalne kompanije u međunarodnoj trgovini su donele nove, složenije
oblike organizovanja i poslovanja. Novi modeli spoljnotrgovinskih poslova vezani su za pojavu međunarodnih mreža proizvodnje i distribucije, koje su... dovele do promene ekonomskog okruženja sa kojim se suočavaju države, industrije i pojedine firme. U finansiranju međunarodne trgovine dolazi do pomeranja težišta od klasičnih
instrumenata ka stranim direktnim investicijama i kros border kreditima, tako da
finansiranje dolazi u rang faktora konkurentnosti kao što su: tehnološka intenzivnost i kvalitet proizvoda. Nove tehnologije jasnije ističu činjenicu da finansiranje trgovine postaje samo po sebi stanje konkurentnosti trgovaca i sastavni je deo cene i kvaliteta trgovinskih transakcija.
U savremenom svetu podizanje nacionalne konkurentnosti je široko prihvaćen
koncept. Podizanje konkurentnosti zemlje je proces unapređenja poslovnog ambijenta
koji treba da omogući povećanje priliva stranih i domaćih investicija, povećanje
izvoza i uvoza robe i usluga. Izgradnja nacionalnog modela finansiranja trgovine je jedan od stubova savremenog shvatanja konkurentnosti.
U kom pravcu i kojim intenzitetom Srbija može da prevaziđe veliki tehnološki
debalans u privredi i da poveća izvoz u velikoj meri zavisi od razvijenosti sistema finansiranja spoljne trgovine. Sistem finansijske podrške spoljnotrgovinskim poslovima u zemljama sa kojima Srbija ima najveću spoljotrgovinsku razmenu dobrim delom oblikuje sistem finansijske podrške u Srbiji u cilju održavanja nivoa postojeće i povećanja buduće spoljnotrgovinske razmene.
Companies engaged in foreign trade, financial resources are needed for the
organization of production for export and to finance the sale of goods and services to
foreign partners. The economic and financial theory, trade and banking practice, the
legislation of individual countries have developed different modes of financing. The
choice of financing options, which are present in the financial market in the first place
depends on: size of company, type and stage of company development, access to
financing and funding costs, the conditions of international payments, risk
management and stable macroeconomic environment.
With the development of forms of merchandising were developing international
financial markets, instruments and financing mechanisms and institutions at national
and supranational level.TNCs in international trade have brought new, more complex
forms of organization and operation. New models of foreign trade are related to the
emergence of international production and dist...ribution networks, which have led to
changes in economic environment faced by government, industry and individual
companies. The financing of international trade leads to shifting the focus from
classical instruments to foreign direct investments and cross border credits, so the
funding comes in the competitiveness ranking of factors such as technological
intensity and quality products. New technologies clearly point to the fact that the
financing of trade becomes itself the state of competitiveness of traders and is an
integral part of the price and quality of commercial transactions.
In the modern world to raise national competitiveness is a widely accepted
concept. Raising the competitiveness of the country's process of improving the
business environment that should enable increased inflow of foreign and domestic
investment, increase exports and imports of goods and services. Building a national
model of trade finance is one of the pillars of modern conceptions of competitiveness.
The direction and intensity with which Serbia can overcome major technological
imbalances in the economy and to increase exports to a large extent depends on the
development of the system of financing foreign trade. The system of financial support
to foreign trade activities in the countries with which Serbia has the largest share
foreign trade largely shape the system of financial support to Serbia in order to
maintain the level of existing and future increase in foreign trade.