Transesterifikacija triglicerida potpomognuta hidrodinamičkim kavitacionim postupkom

Abstract

Sa ciljem da se unapredi reakcija transesterifikacije triglicerida metanolom, radi sinteze metil estara masnih kiselina - biodizela, putem poboljšavanja transfera mase i poboljšanja energetske efikasnosti, u ovoj tezi ispitivan je uticaj operativnih parametara procesa alkalno katalizovane reakcije transesterifikacije rafinisanog suncokretovog (Helianthus annuus) ulja metanolom, potpomognute efektima hidrodinamičke kavitacije generisanim: a) Venturijevim kavitatorom; b) Venturijevim kavitatorom, uz dodatak korastvarača tetrahidrofurana reakcionoj smeši, čime se sistem iz dvofaznog prevodio u jednofazni; c) rotor pulsnim kavitatorom. Za svaki proces određen je kavitacioni prinos kao merilo odnosa mase dobijenog proizvoda i energije utrošene prilikom sinteze, čime je prikazana energetska efikasnost procesa. Pokazano je da efekti hidrodinamičke kavitacije znatno utiču na stepen konverzije triglicerida u metil estre masnih kiselina pri reakciji transesterifikacije triglicerida metanolom, na dužinu trajanja procesa kojime se dobija zadovoljavajući stepen konverzije te da ovako potpomognuta reakcija transesterifikacije triglicerida metanolom ima znatno više vrednosti kavitacionog prinosa u poređenju sa konvencionalnom metodom ili metodama transesterifikacije potpomognutim na drugačije načine, navedenim u dostupnoj naučnoj literaturi.

With the aim of improving the reaction of transesterification of triglycerides with methanol, for the synthesis of methyl ester of fatty acids - biodiesel, by improving mass transfer and improving energy efficiency, in this thesis the effects of the operating parameters of the alkali-catalyzed transesterification reaction of refined sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil with methanol were investigated. assisted by hydrodynamic cavitation effects generated by: a) Venturi cavitator; b) Venturi cavitator, with the addition of tetrahydrofuran cosolvent to the reaction mixture, which converted the system from two-phase to one-phase; c) rotor pulse cavitator. For each process, the cavitation yield was determined as a measure of the ratio of the mass of the obtained product to the energy consumed during synthesis, which shows the energy efficiency of the process. It was shown that the effects of hydrodynamic cavitation significantly influence the degree of conversion of triglycerides into methyl esters of fatty acids during the transesterification reaction of triglycerides with methanol, the duration of the process by which a satisfactory degree of conversion is obtained, and that the transesterification of triglycerides with methanol assisted in this way has a significantly higher value of cavitation yield compared to by the conventional method or transesterification methods supported in other ways, listed in the available scientific literature.