Faktori rizika za nastanak zavisnosti od pametnih mobilnih telefona kod studenata medicine
Risk factors for the development of smartphone addiction among medical students
Докторанд
Nikolić, AleksandraМентор
Šipetić-Grujičić, SandraЧланови комисије
Vuković, DejanaPavlović, Zorana
Kocić, Biljana
Метаподаци
Приказ свих података о дисертацијиСажетак
U posljednjih nekoliko godina prisutna je sve veća zabrinutost zbog negativnih posledica
korišćenja pametnih telefona (PT). Uprkos brojnim prednostima korišćenja, istraživanja pokazuju da
mnogi ljudi preterano koriste svoje telefone na način koji narušava njihov svakodnevni život,
bezbednost i zdravlje.
Cilj: Ciljevi istraživanja bili su prevod, kulturološka adaptacija i validacija Skale zavisnosti od
pametnih telefona – kratka verzija (Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version – SAS–SV) i upitnika
za strah od propuštanja (Fear of missing out – FoMO), identifikovanje značajnih nezavisnih faktora
zavisnosti od PT kod studenata medicine, kao i analiziranje da li postoji razlika u nezavisnim
faktorima u odnosu na pol, kao i između staudenata medicine u Beogradu i Nišu.
Materijal i metode: Istraživanje je sprovedeno kao studija preseka na studentima Medicinskog
fakulteta u Beogradu (MFUB) i Nišu (MFUN) tokom jednog meseca (decembra 2018). U studiju je
uključeno 2103 studenta (1564 studenta ...MFUB i 539 studenata MFUN). Podaci su od ispitanika
prikupljeni upitnicima. Pored opšteg upitnika korišćeni su i sledeći upitnici: Skala zavisnosti od
pametnih telefona – kratka verzija (Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version – SAS –SV), Upitnik
o strahu od propuštanja (Fear of Missing Out – FoMO), Skala za procenu depresije, anksioznosti i
stresa (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale – DASS-21), Multidimenziona skala percipirane personalne
podrške (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support – MSPSS), Pitsburški indeks kvaliteta
spavanja (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index – PSQI) i upitnik o fizičkoj aktivnosti - kratka verzija
(International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ-SV). U statističkoj analizi podataka korišćene
su metode deskriptivne statistike: srednja vrednost, standardna devijacija, medijana, minimum i
maksimum). Za poređenje dve grupe ispitanika korišćen je parametarski test (t-test za nezavisne
uzorke), a ukoliko nisu ispunjeni uslovi za primenu parametarskog testa korišćen odgovarajući
neparametarski test (χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U test). Za procenu korelacije korišćeni su Pirsonov,
odnosno Spirmanov koeficijent korelacije. Za ispitivanje prediktora zavisnosti od PT korišćene su
univarijantna (ULRA) i multivarijantna regresiona analiza (MLRA). Za ispitivanje faktorske
strukture upitnika SAS-SV i FoMO korišćena je eksploratorna faktorska analiza, a ekstrakcija faktora
vršena je metodom analize glavnih komponenti.
Rezultati: Srpska verzija upitnika pod nazivom Skala zavisnosti od pametnih telefona - kratka verzija
ima odličan nivo unutrašnje konzistentnosti (Kronbahov alfa koeficijent = 0,893) i test-retest
pouzdanost (ICC=0,942). Srpska verzija upitnika pod nazivom Strah od propuštanja ima odličan nivo
unutrašnje konzistentnosti (Kronbahov alfa koeficijent = 0,872) i test-retest pouzdanost (ICC=0,920).
Kod studenata oba fakulteta prevalencija zavisnosti od pametnih telefona (prema SAS-SV skoru) je
bila 20,8% (22,3% za muškarce i 22,3% kod žena). Studenti zavisni od PT značajno su češće
konzumirali alkohol, koka-kolu i energetska pića, kraće vreme su provodili na fakultetu, kraće učili,
češće su koristili telefon duže od 3 sata na dan i društvene mreže duže od 2 sata na dan (kako radnim
danom tako i vikendom), a od društvenih mreža češće su koristili Instagram od onih koji nisu bili
zavisni od PT. Studenti koji su zavisni od PT imali su značajno češće povišene nivoe stresa,
anksioznosti i depresivnosti, češće su imali veće vrednosti FoMO skora i češće su imali lošiji kvalitet
spavanja u odnosu na studente bez zavisnosti od PT. Između studenata koji su zavisni od PT i onih
koji nisu, nije bilo značajne razlike u sprovođenju fizičke aktivnosti i stepenu uhranjenosti. Prema
MLRA, značajni nezavisni prediktori zavisnosti od PT za studente medicinskih fakulteta su
korišćenje telefona više od 3h na dan, i strah od propuštanja, a dobijeni su kao značajni nezavisni
prediktori i stres, anksioznost i depresivnost kada su zasebno ubacivani u model MLRA, jer
međusobno visoko značajno koreliraju. Značajni nezavisni prediktori zavisnosti od pametnih telefona
za muškarce, kao i za žene, oba fakulteta, su korišćenje telefona više od 3h na dan i strah od
propuštanja, a dobijeni su kao značajni nezavisni prediktori i anksioznost i depresivnost kada su
zasebno uključeni u model MLRA, jer međusobno visoko značajno koreliraju...
In the last few years, there has been increasing concern about the negative
consequences of using smartphones. Despite its many benefits, research shows that many people
overuse their phones in ways that disrupt their daily lives, safety, and health.
Objective: The objectives of the research were the translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of
the Smartphone Addiction Scale ‒ Short Version (SAS-SV) and the Fear of missing out (FoMO)
questionnaire; identifying significant independent factors of smartphone addiction (SA) among
medical students, as well as analyzing whether there is a difference in independent factors in relation
to gender; to examine whether there is a significant difference in prevalence and factors of SA
between medical students in Belgrade and Niš.
Material and methods: The research was conducted as a cross-sectional study on students of the
Faculty of Medicine in Belgrade (MFUB) and Niš (MFUN) for one month (December 2018). 2103
students were included in the ...study (1564 students of MFUB and 539 students of MFUN). The data
were collected from the respondents through questionnaires. In addition to the general questionnaire,
the following questionnaires were also used: the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV), the Fear of
Missing Out (FoMO), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale Scale (DASS-21), the Multidimensional
Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SV). Descriptive statistics methods were used
in the statistical analysis of the data: mean value, standard deviation, median, minimum, and
maximum). A parametric test (t-test for independent samples) was used to compare two groups of
subjects. If the conditions for applying a parametric test were not met, a corresponding non-
parametric test (χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U test) was used. Pearson's and Spearman's correlation
coefficients were used to assess the correlation. Univariate (ULRA) and multivariate regression
analysis (MLRA) were used to examine predictors of SA. Exploratory factor analysis was used to
examine the factor structure of the SAS-SV and FoMO questionnaires. Factor extraction was
performed using the method of principal component analysis.
Results: The Serbian version of the questionnaire called the Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short
Version has excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.893) and test-retest
reliability (ICC=0.942). The Serbian version of the questionnaire called Fear of missing out has an
excellent level of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.872) and test-retest reliability
(ICC=0.920). Among students of both faculties, the prevalence of smartphone addiction (according
to the SAS-SV score) was 20.8% (22.3% for men and 22.3% for women). Students addicted to
smartphones consumed alcohol, Coca-Cola, and energy drinks significantly more often, spent less
time at university, studied less, used the phone more often for more than 3 hours a day and social
networks for more than 2 hours a day (both on weekdays as well as on weekends), and they used
Instagram more often than those who were not addicted to smartphones. Students with SA had
significantly higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, more often had higher FoMO score
values, and more often had poorer sleep quality compared to students without SA. Between students
who were addicted to SA and those who were not, there was no significant difference in the
implementation of physical activity and the level of nutrition. According to the MLRA, significant
independent predictors of SA for medical students were using the phone for more than 3 hours a day,
and fear of missing out, and stress, anxiety, and depression were obtained as significant independent
predictors when they were separately entered into the MLRA model because they were mutually
highly significantly correlated. Significant independent predictors of smartphone addiction for men,
as well as for women, both faculties, were using the phone more than 3 hours a day and fear of missing
out, and anxiety and depression were obtained as significant independent predictors when separately
included in the MLRA model because they correlated highly with each other...