Povezanost strukturne organizacije hromatina neutrofilnih granulocita periferne krvi, mentalnog distresa i intenziteta fizičke aktivnosti sportista

Abstract

Uvod: Imunski sistem, kao i pojedini aspekti inflamacije nastali kao posledica neadekvatnog funkcionisanja imunskog sistema, mogu biti asocirani sa mentalnim distresom. Izmenjen fiziološki neuroendokrini odgovor koji nastaje kao posledica mentalnog distresa može uticati na dinamiku i fukcionalne sposobnosti neutrofila (fagocitozu, pokretljivost, hemotaksu, produkciju pro i anti-inflamatornih citokina), kao i na strukturne promene ćelijskog jedra ovih ćelija. Iako je dokazano da postoji dozno-zavisni odgovor između intenziteta fizičke aktivnosti i funkcije imunskog sistema, njihova međusobna interakcija je kompleksna, i dalje nedovoljno istražena. Takođe, fizička aktivnost može biti jedan od načina prevencije i terapije mentalnog distresa. Teksturalna analiza ćelijskog jedra, metoda korišćena u istraživanju, predstavlja kompleksni matematički i kompjuterski algoritam kojom se mogu kvantifikovati diskretne promene u strukturi i distribuciji hromatina nastale pod uticajem različitih stimulusa. Cilj istraživanja je bio ispitivanje uticaja mentalnog distresa i različitog intenziteta fizičke aktivnosti sportista na promene teksturalnih parametara strukture i distribucije hromatina neutrofilnih granulocita periferne krvi, kao i da se predloži model zasnovan na metodama veštačke inteligencije i mašinskog učenja koji bi mogao da predvidi postojanje mentalnog distresa na osnovu parametara strukturne organizacije hromatina neutrofilnih granulocita. Materijal i metode: Studija preseka je obavljena na uzorku od 100 zdravih sportista, studenata Medicinskog fakulteta, Univerziteta u Beogradu. U studiji je učestvovalo 60 ispitanika muškog pola i 40 ispitanica ženskog pola. Ispitanici su podeljeni na dve grupe na osnovu rezultata dobijenih popunjavanjem prethodno validiranih upitnika. Prvi kriterijum za podelu ispitanika bili su rezultati dobijeni analizom strukturisanog upitnika o proceni mentalnog distresa. Drugi kriterijum koji je bio korišćen za klasifikaciju ispitanika na grupe je procena intenziteta fizičke aktivnosti, na osnovu rezultata dobijenih analizom međunarodnog upitnika fizičke aktivnosti. Osnovne demografske i anamnestičke podatke o svakom ispitaniku smo sakupljali kroz standardizovani sportsko-medicinski upitnik. Nakon antropometrijskih merenja i kompletnog fizikalnog pregleda ispitanika, svaki od ispitanika je bio zamoljen da popuni strukturisani upitnik za procenu mentralnog distresa koji se se sastojao od 3 dela. Prvi deo upitnika je predstavljala skala depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales). Drugi deo upitnika je predstavljala skala za procenu generalizovane anksioznosti GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder). Treći deo upitnika je obuhvatio skalu emocionalne regulacije ERQ (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire). Za procenu intenziteta fizičke aktivnosti koristili smo kratku formu Međunarodnog upitnika o fizičkoj aktivnosti IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire). Zatim je od svakog ispitanika uzeta kap periferne krvi iz jagodice prsta...

Introduction: The immune system, as well as certain aspects of inflammation resulting from patological functioning of the immune system, can be associated with mental distress. The altered physiological neuroendocrine response that occurs as a result of mental distress can affect the dynamics and functional abilities of neutrophils (phagocytosis, motility, chemotaxis, production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines), as well as structural changes in the cell nucleus of these cells. Although it has been proven that there is a dose-dependent response between the intensity of physical activity and the functioning of the immune system, their mutual interaction is still complex and insufficiently researched. Also, physical activity can be one of the ways for the prevention and therapy of mental distress. Textural analysis of the cell nucleus, the method used in the research, is a complex mathematical and computer algorithm that can be used to quantify discrete changes in the structure and distribution of chromatin caused by various stimuli. Aim of the research was to examine the influence of mental distress and different intensity of physical activity of athletes on changes in the textural parameters of the structure and distribution of chromatin of peripheral blood neutrophil granulocytes, as well as to propose a model based on artificial intelligence and machine learning methods that could predict the existence of mental distress on basis of structural organization parameters of chromatin of neutrophil granulocytes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 100 healthy athletes, students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade. the study participated 60 male and 40 female subjects. Subjects were divided into two groups based on the results obtained by completing previously validated questionnaires. The first criterion for the distribution of subjects was the results obtained from the analysis of a structured questionnaire on the assessment of mental distress. Another criterion that was used to classify subjects into groups is the assessment of the intensity of physical activity, based on the results obtained from the analysis of a validated international physical activity questionnaire. We collected basic anamnestic data about each subject through a standardized sports medicine questionnaire. After anthropometric measurements and a complete physical examination of the subjects, each of the subjects was asked to fill out a structured questionnaire for the assessment of mental distress, which consisted of 3 parts. The first part of the questionnaire was the depression, anxiety and stress scale DASS- 21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales). The second part of the questionnaire was the scale for assessing generalized anxiety GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder). The third part of the questionnaire included the emotional regulation scale ERQ (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire).To assess the intensity of physical activity, we used the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire).Then, a drop of peripheral blood was taken from each subject...