In vivo i in vitro ispitivanja biotoksičnosti polistirenskih mikro- i nanočestica
In vivo and in vitro biotoxicity studies of polystyrene micro- and nanoparticles
Докторанд
Nikolić, Sandra P.Ментор
Ljujić, BiljanaЧланови комисије
Gazdić Janković, MarinaRosić, Gvozden
Milošević-Đorđević, Olivera
Perović, Dijana
Метаподаци
Приказ свих података о дисертацијиСажетак
Mikroplastika i nanoplastika značajno doprinose zagađenju životne sredine. Još uvek
nije dovoljno poznato kakav je uticaj MP/NP na funkciju ćelija, kao i na zdravlje
životinja i ljudi. U ovom istraživanju je pokazano da nakon oralnog unošenja,
fluorescentno obeležene polistirenske (engl. polystyrene, PS) mikročestice (engl.
microparticles, MP) i nanočestice (engl. nanoparticles, NP) prolaze kroz digestivni
sistem miša, akumuliraju se i agregiraju u različitim tkivima i izazivaju
funkcionalne promene u ćelijama i organima. Korišćenje kohlearnog eksplanta kao
novog in vitro modela, ispitana je interakcija PS-MP/NP sa ćelijama unutrašnjeg uha u
kome su detektovani agregati i heteroagregati PS čestica. PS-MP/NP su se akumulirale
u intersticijumu testisa tretiranih životinja, oko seminifernih tubula, što je
uzrokovalo statistički značajno smanjenje koncentracije testosterona u serumu.
Splenociti tretiranih mužjaka su povećano sekretovali IL-12p35 i IL-23, dok su
testovi citotoksično...sti i genotoksičnosti ukazivali na smanjenu vijabilnost ćelija
i povećano oštećenje DNK u ćelijama slezine. Kod mužjaka je zabeležen anksiogeni
odgovor nakon primene PS-MP/NP, dok je u uzorcima tkiva hipokampusa tretiranih
ženki detektovana povećana ekspresiju Bax i Nlrp3 gena, što ukazuje na proapoptotički i proinflamatorni uticaj PS-MP/NP. Jedan od zaključaka ove disertacije
je da efekti PS-MP/NP zavise od pola organizma koji je izložen njihovom delovanju,
što otvara vrata budućim istraživanja u cilju sprečavanja štetnih efekata PS čestica
na zdravlje ljudi.
Commercially manufactured or generated through environmental degradation, microplastics
(MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) considerably contribute to environmental pollution. There is a
knowledge gap in how exposure to MPs/NPs changes cellular function and affects animal and
human health. Here, we demonstrate that after oral uptake, fluorescent polystyrene (PS)
nanoparticles pass through the mouse digestive system, accumulate and aggregate in different
organs, and induce functional changes in cells and organs. Using cochlear explant as a novel in
vitro system, we confirmed the consequences of PS-MP/NP interaction with inner ear cells by
detecting aggregates and hetero-aggregates of PS particles in hair cells. The testes of treated
males accumulated MPs/NPs in the interstitial compartment surrounding the seminiferous
tubules, which was associated with a statistically significant decrease in testosterone levels.
Male mice showed increased secretion of interleukins (IL-12p35 and IL-23)... by splenocytes
while cyto- and genotoxicity tests indicated impaired cell viability and increased DNA damage
in spleen tissue. Males also showed a broad range of anxiogenic responses to PS nanoparticles
while hippocampal samples from treated females showed an increased expression of Bax and
Nlrp3 genes, indicating a pro-apoptotic/proinflammatory effect of PS treatment. Taken
together, induced PS effects are also gender-dependent, and therefore, strongly motivate future
research to mitigate the deleterious effects of nanosized plastic particles.