Instrumenti za merenje znanja i stavova profesionalnih vozača o supstancama koje mogu da utiču na psihomotorne sposobnosti i analiza faktora povezanih sa rezultatima merenja

Abstract

UVOD: Često propisivani i korišćeni lekovi, pored relevantnih terapijskih efekata, mogu imati i negativan uticaj na psihomotorne i kognitivne funkcije, odnosno značajno uticati na sposobnost vožnje. Ovakav uticaj mogu ispoljiti i alkohol i druge psihoaktivne supstance, što može dovesti u pitanje i bezbednost saobraćaja. MATERIJAL I METODE: Istraživanje je realizovano po tipu multicentrične retrospektivno-prospektivne studije preseka (Republika Srbija i Bosna i Hercegovina) na uzorku 221 profesionalnog vozača, oba pola, starosti od 20 do 65 godina, u periodu od 2017. do 2022. godine. U ispitivanju su upotrebljena dva upitnika, osmišljena od strane članova istraživačkog tima, putem kojih su ispitani znanje i stavovi o uticaju lekova i ostalih karakterističnih susptanci na vožnju, ali i potencijalni faktori koji utiču na znanje i stavove ispitanika. Za oba upitnika je urađena validacija, utvrđena pouzdanost i interna konzistentnost, a potom i faktorska analiza. REZULTATI: Rezultati ove studije su pokazali nezadovoljavajući stepen znanja i neadekvatnost stavova profesionalnih vozača o uticaju različitih supstanci na psihomotorne sposobnosti, kao i to da brojni faktori mogu uticati na pomenute aspekte, što može biti od posebnog značaja u kreiranju strategije primene preventivnih i pravovremenih korektivnih mera na polju unapređenja bezbednosnih aspekata u saobraćaju. Upitnici upotrebljeni u studiji pokazuju dobru pouzdanost i internu konzistentnost i predstavljaju pouzdane i validne instrumente za procenu istraživačkog pitanja. ZAKLjUČAK: Adekvatna implementacija rezultata ove studije može biti od velikog značaja na polju poboljšanja različitih aspekata bezbednosti u saobraćaju.

INTRODUCTION: Frequently prescribed and used medicines, beside to relevant therapeutic effects, can have a negative impact on psychomotor and cognitive functions, and significantly affect driving ability. Alcohol and other psychoactive substances can also have this effects, which may jeopardize traffic safety. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research was conducted as a multicenter retrospectiveprospective cross-sectional study (Republic of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina) on a sample of 221 professional drivers, both sexes, aged 20 to 65, in the period from 2017 to 2022. Two questionnaires were used in the study, designed by research team members, which examined the knowledge and attitudes about the impact of medicines and other characteristic substances on driving and factors with potential influence on knowledge and attitudes of the respondents. Validation was performed for both questionnaires, reliability and internal consistency were determined, and then factorial analysis. RESULTS: The results of this study showed an unsatisfactory level of knowledge and inadequacy of attitudes of professional drivers on the impact of various substances on driving ability, and that many factors can affect these aspects, which may be of particular importance in creating a strategy for the application of preventive and corrective measures in the field of improving traffic safety. The questionnaires used in the study show good reliability and internal consistency and represent a reliable and valid tool for assessing the research question. CONCLUSION: Adequate implementation of the results of this study can be of great importance in the field of improving various aspects of traffic safety.