Građanska neposlušnost i ostvarivanje ljudskih prava

Abstract

Predmet analize je odnos ljudskih prava i građanske neposlušnosti. Istraživanjem, ovaj odnos otvara neka od ključnih pitanja teorije prava. Kroz prizmu relacije između teorijskih pojmova, prirodnog i pozitivnog prava, ukazuje se na genezu razvoja, uticaja i uklapanja faktičkog i normativnog u konstitucijama svetske istorije. Razmatranjem društvenih okolnosti prilikom dostizanja odnosa društvene realnosti i procedure u okviru svetskog razvoja opštih normi ljudskih prava, posmatra se geneza razvoja, ali i mesto građanske neposlušnosti u sociološkim previranjima. Prvi deo disertacije predstavlja istraživački pokušaj da se sagleda dinamički termin i pojam ljudskih prava. U okviru ovog dela postavlja se pitanje političkog i univerzalnog shvatanja ljudskih prava. Odgovorima, dolazi se do potpunog shvatanja termina i pojma ljudskih prava u pravnom aspektu. Drugi deo je fokusiran na analizu termina i elemenata pojma građanske neposlušnosti. Nakon sagledavanja geneze, koja se prepliće sa pojmom ljudskih prava, analizira se teorijski aspekt građanske neposlušnosti. Savremene teorije otvaraju dimenziju praktičnog aspekta u delu pravosudne funkcije. Na tom polju, posmatra se i odnos anglosaksonskog i kontinetalnog pravnog sistema. Kako bi se i ovaj aspekt do kraja demistifikova, društveni uslovi i šire kulturološki imaju svoju snagu uticaja na analizirane procese. U tom smislu procesna dimenzija predmetnog proučavanja dobija na značaju. Na kraju, zaključuje se o preporukama i načinima kako bi iskazana saznanja trebalo usmeriti u pravcu praktičnih domenta. Kako bi se ostvarilo što veće saglasje između prirodnog i pozitivnog prava, trebalo bi konstantno razmatrati o približavanju teorije i prakse. Posebno u odnosima dva velika pravna sistema, pažljiva analiza i korišćenje dobrih rešenja nekog od pravaca, mora biti evidentirana od strane doktrine.

The subject of analysis is the relationship between human rights and civil disobedience. Through research, this relationship opens up some of the key questions of legal theory. Through the prism of the relationship between theoretical concepts, natural and positive law, the genesis of development, influence and fitting of the factual and the normative in the constitutions of world history is pointed out. By considering the social circumstances when reaching the relationship between social reality and procedure within the world development of general norms of human rights, the genesis of development is observed, but also the place of civil disobedience in sociological turmoil. The first part of the dissertation represents a research attempt to look at the dynamic term and notion of human rights. Within this part, the question of the political and universal understanding of human rights is raised. With the answers, a complete understanding of the term and concept of human rights in the legal aspect is reached. The second part is focused on the analysis of terms and elements of the concept of civil disobedience. After looking at the genesis, which is intertwined with the concept of human rights, the theoretical aspect of civil disobedience is analyzed. Modern theories open the dimension of the practical aspect in part of the judicial function. In this field, the relationship between the Anglo-Saxon and continental legal systems is also observed. In order to fully demystify this aspect, social conditions and broader cultural ones have their own power of influence on the analyzed processes. In this sense, the process dimension of the subject study gains importance. In the end, it is concluded about recommendations and ways that the knowledge presented should be directed in the direction of practical domains. In order to achieve the greatest possible agreement between natural and positive law, we should constantly consider the convergence of theory and practice. Especially in the relations of two large legal systems, a careful analysis and use of good solutions of one of the directions must be recorded by the doctrine.