3D štampanje tableta postupcima fotopolimerizacije i selektivnog laserskog sinterovanja: razvoj i optimizacija procesa

Abstract

Cilj ove doktorske disertacije je bio razvoj i optimizacija formulacija i procesa 3D štampe u izradi tableta postupcima fotopolimerizacije i selektivnog laserskog sinterovanja primenom naprednih alata za analizu podataka. Primenom dve različite veštačke neuronske mreže ispitan je uticaj faktora formulacije na kritične karakteristike kvaliteta tableta dobijenih LCD (engl. liquid-crystal display) 3D štampom. Izvršena je optimizacija fotopolimerizacione štampe i predviđanje produženog oslobađanja aktivne supstance kao ciljne karakteristike kvaliteta LCD 3D tableta. Sličnost između eksperimentalno dobijenih i neuronskom mrežom predviđenih profila oslobađanja je pokazana analizom faktora sličnosti (f2=52,15). Na osnovu ovih rezultata zaključeno je da je adekvatna neuronska mreža u stanju da pruži razumevanje odnosa ulaznih-izlaznih parametara fotopolimerizacione 3D štampe, a samim tim i da pruži bolji uvid u uticaj ekscipijenasa i procesnih parametara na karakteristike LCD 3D tableta. Na osnovu apsorpcionih karakteristika ispitivanih formulacija izvršena je optimizacija LCD štampača. Na ovaj način vreme štampe tableta je značajno smanjeno i postignuto je značajno brže oslobađanje aktivne supstance. U trećoj fazi istraživanja je ispitana tehnologija selektivnog laserskog sinterovanje (SLS) u izradi tableta. Najpre je izvršena adaptacija konvencionalnog štampača čime je omogućeno štampanje sa manjim količinama materijala. Primenom modela stabla odluke ispitana je korelacija između faktora formulacije, gustine energije prilikom sinterovanja i printabilnosti. Na osnovu razvijenog stabla odluke, čija je tačnost iznosila 80%, najvažniji faktori koji su uticali na printabilnost su sadržaj krospovidona i gustina energije. Takođe, ova faza istraživanja je pokazala da je optimizacijom formulacije i parametara procesa, moguće izraditi SLS tablete makroporozne strukture sa potpunim oslobađanjem aktivne supstance za manje od 30 min. Ostvareni rezultati pružaju saznanja o primeni dve tehnologije 3D štampe u izradi tableta i daju značajan uvid u uticaj procesnih parametara i faktora formulacije na karakteristike dobijenih tableta.

The aim of this doctoral dissertation was the development and optimization of formulations and process of 3D printing in the production of tablets by photopolymerization and selective laser sintering using advanced data analysis tools. The influence of formulation factors on the critical quality attributes of tablets obtained by LCD (liquid- crystal display) 3D printing was evaluated using two different artificial neural networks. Optimization of photopolymerization printing and prediction of extended drug release as a target quality attribute of LCD 3D tablets was performed. The similarity between the experimentally obtained and the neural network predicted release profiles was demonstrated by the similarity factor analysis (f2=52.15). It was concluded that an adequate neural network is able to provide an understanding of the ratio of input-output parameters of photopolymerization 3D printing, and therefore to provide a better insight into the influence of excipients and process parameters on the characteristics of LCD 3D tablets. Based on the absorption characteristics of the examined formulations, the LCD printer was optimized. In this way, the printing time was significantly reduced and a significantly faster drug release was achieved. In the third phase of the research, SLS technology in the production of tablets was evaluated. First, the adaptation of the conventional printer was carried out, which enabled printing with smaller amounts of material. By applying the decision tree model, the correlation between formulation factors, energy density during sintering, and printability was evaluated. Based on the developed decision tree, the accuracy of which was 80%, the most important factors that influenced the printability were crospovidone content and energy density. Also, this phase of the research showed that by optimizing the formulation and process parameters, it is possible to produce SLS tablets with a macroporous structure with complete drug release in less than 30 minutes. The obtained results provide knowledge about the application of two 3D printing technologies in the production of tablets and provide significant insight into the influence of process parameters and formulation factors on the characteristics of the obtained tablets.