Diverzitet mikromiceta na objektima kulturne baštine i testiranje fungicida primenljivih u konzervaciji

Abstract

Cilj istraživanja doktorske disertacije je bio proučavanje biodeterioracije objekata kulturne baštine u Srbiji. Na osnovu predloga stručnih timova u institucijama za zaštitu objekata kulturne baštine izvršen je odabir istraživanih objekata i predmeta. Spomenici kulture obuhvaćeni u istraživanju bili su: crkva Svete Trojice manastira Sopoćani i crkva Svete Bogorodice manastira Gradac kod Novog Pazara, crkva Svetog Nikole u Paležu, Ajfelova prevodnica kod Bečeja, spomenik Neznanom junaku na Avali, Brankov most u Beogradu i srednjovekovni kameni stećci sa lokaliteta Mramorje i Rastište kod Perućca. Opservacijom in situ opisani su simptomi biodeterioracije: pojava biopatine, izmenjena tekstura kamene površine, fenomen „biopitting“ i drugi. Sa mesta sa vidljivim simptomima biopatine izvršeno je uzorkovanje fragmenata biofilma adhezivnom trakom sa kamenog supstrata. Direktnim posmatranjem fototrofne komponente biofilma, svetlosnim mikroskopom, identifikovane su prisutne cijanobakterije i alge, uzročnici različite obojenosti supstrata. Crvena biopatina na fasadi crkve svete Bogorodice je posledica prisusutva kolonija Gloeocapsa sanguinea (C.Agardh) Kützing dok je Trentepohlia aurea (Linnaeus) C.F. P. Martius izazvala pojavu narandžaste biopatine na istom objektu. Crna katranasta biopatina na Ajfelovoj prevodnici je posledica prisusutva kolonija Nostoc sp., dok je Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow uzročnik narandžaste bio patine na spomeniku Neznanom junaku. Cijanobakterija Oscillatoria sp. i zelena alga Cylindrocistis brebissonii (Ralfs) de Bary su uzročnici zelene biopatine na istom objektu...

The aim of presented PhD thesis was research of biodeterioration of cultural heritage objects in Serbia. The objects and artefacts for this study were chosen according to the recomendations of the experts in the field of cultural heritage conservation. Cultural heritage monuments chosen for this study were The Church of The Holly Trinity of the Monastery Sopoćani (Novi Pazar), The Holly Virgin Church of the Monastery Gradac (Novi Pazar), Saint Nicholas church (Palež), Eiffel’s Lock (Bečej), Monument of the Unknown Hero (Avala), bridge „Brankov most“ (Belgrade) and medieval tombstones on two localities Mramorje and Rastište (Perućac). During in situ observations of examined stone monuments clear signs of biodeterioration were observed, such as presence of biopatinas, changed texture of stone surface, biopitting and other. Biofilm fragments were sampled using adhesive tape from the stone surfaces with visible biopatinas and examined using light microscopy in order to identify cyanobacteria and algae as phototrophic components of biofilm. It was shown that causative agent of red biopatina on the facade of Holly virgin church was Gloeocapsa sanguinea (C.Agardh) Kützing colonies, while Trentepohlia aurea (Linnaeus) C.F. P. caused the orange biopatina on the same monument. Black gelationous patina on Eifel’s Lock was caused by Nostoc sp. colonies. Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow caused the orange biopatina on the Monument of the Unknown Hero...