Uticaj kadmijuma na sistem antioksidativne zaštite i varijabilnost komponenti adaptivne vrednosti gubara Lymantria dispar L.

Abstract

Kadmijum je jedan od najpotentnijih polutanata koji dospeva u životnu sredinu, iz prirodnih i/ili antropogenih izvora, i ulazi u žive sisteme preko lanaca ishrane, ostvarujući svoj toksični efekat na svim nivoima biološke organizacije. U ovom radu ispitivan je uticaj kadmijuma u koncentracijama od 10 (C1), 30 (C2) i 50 μg Cd/g (C3) suve hrane na komponente adaptivne vrednosti, heritabilnost u širem smislu, genetičke i fenotipske korelacije, fenotipsku plastičnost, cenu plastičnosti, i na obim i pravce delovanja selekcije, kao i uticaj 50 μg Cd/g suve hrane na sistem antioksidativne zaštite kod gubara tokom larvenog razvića, razvića lutke i adultnog perioda. Gubar, Lymantria dispar L., je polifagna, invazivna vrsta koja zbog svog štetnog delovanja na šumske ekosisteme spada u grupu organizama od posebnog interesa za istraživanja fizioloških i evolucionogenetičkih odgovora koji utiču na promenu brojnosti populacije ove vrste. Kadmijum dovodi do produžetka razvića kod mlađih larvenih stupnjeva, do smanjenja mase lutke kod oba pola i skraćivanja razvića lutke i života adultnih ženki. Polovi se značajno razlikuju u trajanju pojedinih faza larvenog razvića, naročito u C3 grupi. Za većinu ispitivanih osobina postoji značajan nivo heritabilnosti u širem smislu. Pri tome, prisustvo kadmijuma u C3 grupi dovodi do značajnog povećanja heritabilnosti trajanja razvića larvi četvrtog stupnja i kod mužjaka za trajanje larvenog razvića do 5. stupnja u odnosu na kontrolu i u odnosu na ženke. Značajna varijabilnost fenotipske plastičnosti postoji kod svih mlađih larvenih stupnjeva u svim grupama, i kod oba pola za pojedine osobine u okviru različitih sredina ukazujući na potencijal evolucije adaptivnog plastičnog odgovora u stresnim uslovima sredine...

Cadmium is one of the most potent pollutants which enters the environment through natural and/or anthropological sources and into the living organisms though the food chain thus realizing its toxic effect in all levels of biological organization. This work examines cadmium effects at 10 (C1), 30 (C2) and 50 μg Cd/g (C3) concentrations of dry food on the fitness-related traits, broad-sense heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations, phenotypic plasticity, cost of plasticity and on direction of selection force. Also, this work examines the effects of 50 μg Cd/g of dry food on antioxidative defense system in gypsy moth during larval development, pupal development and the adult period. Lymantria dispar L. gypsy moth is a polyphagous, invasive species which, due to its detrimental influence on forest ecosystems, is considered an organism of particular interest for researches of physiological and evolutionary-genetic responses which can influence population dynamics of this species. Cadmium prolongs the development duration in early larval instars, it also reduces larval mass in both genders and larval development and life expectancy in adult females. Duration of certain larval instars is significantly different between genders, especially in C3 group. Most of the examined traits showed a significant level of broad-sense heritability. Thus, the presence of cadmium in C3 group significantly increases the heritability of the fourth instar duration and the heritability of development duration of male larvae from hutching until the 5th instar in comparison with control and female larvae, respectively. Significant variability of phenotypic plasticity is present in all of the early instars regardless of the group, as well as in both genders for certain traits depending on different environments which points to the potential of the evolution of adaptive plastic response in stressful environments. An index of phenotypic plasticity according to Cheplik and Li’s method shows significant values for most of the traits pointing to to the possible direction of the families’ response for certain traits in the presence of cadmium...