Analiza hemijskog sastava i biološke aktivnosti lišajeva Ramalina capitata (Ach.) Nyl., Peltigera horizontalis (Hudson) Baumg. i Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm.

Abstract

Within this doctoral dissertation, the chemical composition of acetone, ethyl acetate, ether and dichloromethane extracts was determined, as well as the antibacterial, antioxidant, genotoxic and anticholinesterase activity of acetone extracts of lichens Ramalina capitata, Peltigera horizontalis and Cladonia rangiformis. The content of twenty macro and microelements was determined. The most common component of the tested R. capitata extracts was evernic acid, and in lichen C. rangiformis atranorin. The main constituent of the examined extracts of apothecia and entire lichen P. horizontalis was tenuiorin, while methyl gyroforate was the dominant component of P. horizontalis talus. Orcinol-monomethyl ether, orcinol, everninic acid and usnic acid were the most common volatile components of acetone, ether, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts of R. capitata (respectively). The most dominant volatile constituents of P. horizontalis were methyl orselinate and dodecyl acrylate (in talus and apothecia ether extracts), while rangiformic acid was the most abundant in all examined C. rangiformis extracts. Lichen P. horizontalis had the highest content of macro and microelements, except for Na, Co, Pb and Si, whose content was highest in R. capitata. Mercury was detected only in R. capitata. Ramalina capitata and C. rangifromis extracts showed moderate bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to the all tested extracts. The highest antioxidant capacity, according to DPPH and ABTS method, showed in apothecia acetone extract of P. horizontalis, and C. rangiformis extract according to CUPRAC method. The highest content of total phenols and the value of total reducing power was shown in R. capitata extract. The tested extracts at a concentration of 2 μg/ml caused the most pronounced reduction in the frequency of micronuclei, and the best effect among them was shown by the P. horizontalis talus. All acetone extracts at a concentration of 10 mg/ml had an inhibitory effect on the activity of the enzyme cholinesterase, and the highest inhibition was observed in the case of the P. horizontalis talus.