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Demitologizacija slike Emilijana Sapate u romanima sa temom Meksičke revolucije

Demythologizing the portrayal of Emiliano Zapata in the novels set in the Mexican Revolution

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2022
Doctoral_thesis_12805.pdf (2.189Mb)
Svetlana_Stevanovic_FILUM.pdf (13.16Mb)
Author
Stevanović, Svetlana
Mentor
Sekulić, Mirjana
Committee members
Karanović, Vladimir
Kovačević-Petrović, Bojana
Veljović, Jelica
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Abstract
U doktorskoj disertaciji „Demitologizacija slike Emilijana Sapate u romanima sa temom Meksičke revolucije” bavimo se analizom književne slike meksičkog revolucionara Emilijana Sapate u romanima sa temom Meksičke revolucije nastalim između 1913. i 2019. godine. Korpus čini jedanaest romana prilikom čije se analize vodimo teorijom romana o meksičkoj revoluciji, novog istorijskog i novog detektivskog romana, kao i Crack generacije, u zavisnosti od perioda u kom su dela napisana. Razvrstavajući romane u tri vremenske ravni prati se evolucija romaneskne slike ovog revolucionara od antijunaka, preko mitskog junaka Meksičke revolucije do običnog čoveka koji doživljava višestruke identitetske promene. Pokazuje se da je u romanima pisanim tokom Sapatinog života njegov lik predstavljen kao antijunak, zločinac i bandit sa ciljem umanjivanja vrednosti sapatističke revolucionarne frakcije i uzdizanja drugih revolucionarnih vođa. Istraživanjem se pokazuje da je nakon Sapatine smrti stvoren politički... mit o njemu kao pravedniku koji je stradao za dobrobit kolektiva, što se inkorporira u tadašnje romane sa ciljem remitologizacije ovog junaka. Analizom romana iz 40-ih godina utvrđena je uslovljenost diskursa ideološkom orijentacijom autora. Od 70-ih godina prošlog veka pisci remitologizuju sliku Sapate sa ciljem njene demitologizacije. Sledeći teorije savremenih hispanoameričkih književnih tendencija u drugoj polovini XX veka ukazujemo da pisci u svoja dela upisuju prethodno pripisana značenja Emilijanu Sapati da bi na temelju postojeće slike izgradili alternativnu verziju njegovog života. Alternativna verzija Sapatinog života bazirana je na humanizaciji istorijskog junaka. Pisci demitologizuju lik Sapate skidajući mu masku neranjivog junaka i prikazujući ga kao ambivalentno biće. Prateći književni razvoj lika Sapate od zločinca, preko junaka do humanizovanog ljudskog bića zaključujemo da je on primer crack pojedinca kog, kao i Meksičku revoluciju, odlikuje fragmentarnost. U najnovijim delima on je kvir junak čiji je identitet otvoren i višeznačan. Ključne reči: Emilijano Sapata, Meksička revolucija, roman o meksičkoj revoluciji, novi istorijski roman, novi detektivski roman, generacija Crack, remitologizacija, demitologizacija.

In this doctoral dissertation entitled “Demythologizing the portrayal of Emiliano Zapata in the novels set in the Mexican Revolution,” we analyse the portrayal of the Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata in the novels about the Mexican revolution written between 1913 and 2019. The corpus is comprised of 11 novels. Depending on the time period in which the novels were written, we analyzed the novels relying on the theory of the novel of the Mexican revolution, new historical novel, new detective novel, as well as the Crack generation. We classified the novels into three time periods for the purposes of tracing the changing portrayal of the revolutionary from an antihero to the mythical hero of the Mexican revolution, and, finally, to the ordinary man who undergoes multiple identity changes. The analysis of the novels written during Zapata’s lifetime shows that he is portrayed as an antihero in these novels, a criminal and a bandit, all with the aim of discrediting the Zapatista revolut...ionary faction and elevating other revolutionary leaders. In addition, the research shows that after Zapata’s death a political myth about him was created. He is now portrayed as a righteous man who died for the common good. This myth is incorporated into the novels from that particular time period with the aim of remythologizing the hero. The analysis of the novels from the 1940s shows that the discourse surrounding Zapata is determined by the ideological orientation of the author. Since the 1970s, writers have been remythologizing the representation of Zapata with the aim of its demythologization. Relying on the theories of modern literary trends in Hispanic- American literature from the second half of the 20th century, we point out the fact that writers incorporate meanings previously ascribed to Zapata in order to create an alternative version of his life on a foundation of his existing portrayal. The alternative version of Zapata’s life is based on the humanization of the historical hero. The writers demythologize Zapata by unmasking him: he is portrayed as an ambivalent being, not an invulnerable hero. The analysis of the literary evolution of Zapata from a hero to a humanized individual leads us to the conclusion that he is an example of a crack individual, who is defined by his fragmentation in the same way the Mexican revolution is. In the most recently written works, he is a queer character whose identity is open and ambiguous.

Faculty:
Универзитет у Крагујевцу, Филолошко-уметнички факултет
Date:
07-04-2022
Keywords:
Emilijano Sapata, Meksička revolucija, roman o meksičkoj revoluciji, novi istorijski roman, novi detektivski roman, generacija Crack, remitologizacija, demitologizacija / Emiliano Zapata, Mexican Revolution, novel of the Mexican Revolution, new historical novel, new detective novel, Crack generation, demythologization, remythologization
[ Google Scholar ]
Handle
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_20995
URI
http://eteze.kg.ac.rs/application/showtheses?thesesId=8587
https://fedorakg.kg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:1543/bdef:Content/download
https://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/handle/123456789/20995

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