Komparativna analiza agenasa za biološku kontrolu patogenih gljiva izolovanih sa lekovitih biljaka
Comparative analysis of agents for biological of pathogenic fungi isolated from medicinal plants
Докторанд
Stević, TatjanaМентор
Berić, TanjaЧланови комисије
Šavikin, KatarinaStanković, Slaviša
Soković, Marina
Gođevac, Dejan
Метаподаци
Приказ свих података о дисертацијиСажетак
Primena lekovitog bilja i njihovih preparata u prevenciji i lečenju različitih
poremećaja u ljudskom organizmu može biti ograničena njihovom mogućom
kontaminacijom fitopatogenim gljivama i mikotoksinima. Saznanja o riziku pri primeni
hemijskih fungicida po rukovaoca, potrošača i životnu sredinu, dovela su do povećanja
interesa za uvođenje alternativnih mera u zaštiti bilja, gde posebno mesto pripada
preparatima prirodnog porekla tzv. agensima biološke kontrole. Biološka kontrola
podrazumeva primenu korisnih mikroorganizama (bakterija, kvasaca, gljiva) ili
produkata njihovog metabolizma, kao i primenu biljnih ekstrakata i etarskih ulja u
zaštiti biljaka.
Ispitivanjem preko 40 vrsta lekovitog bilja najlošiji mikrobiološki kvalitet
utvrđen je za sledeće droge: kukuruznu svilu, list i herbu nane, list koprive, herbu
rastavića i cvet nane. Iako su na svim biljnim drogama utvrđene mešovite infekcije
gljivama iz različitih rodova, većina izolovanih vrsta gljiva pripada rodu Fusarium, a
potom ...Aspergillus i Alternaria. Osim pomenutih, identifikovani su i predstavnici
rodova: Penicillium, Phoma, Cephalosporium, Nigrospora, Cladosporium, Epicoccum,
Gliocladium, Myrothecium, Cercospora, Phomopsis, Verticillum, Dreschlera
(=Bipolaris), Rhizoctonia, Septoria, Trichoderma, Curvularia, Stahybotrys,
Trichotecium, Puccinia, Botrytis, Mucor i Rhizopus sp., u zavisnosti od biljne droge.
U cilju pronalaženja efikasnog biokontrolog agensa ispitivali smo mogućnost
primene etarskih ulja i izolata Bacillus sp. u kontroli odabranih identifikovanih gljiva. U tom smislu, odabrali smo sledeće vrste gljiva: Fusarium solani, F. equiseti, F.
oxysporum (izolovani sa kukuruzne svile i nevena), F. tricinctum, F. semitectum, F.
sporotrichioides, F. subglutinans, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Alternaria alternata,
Penicillium sp., Chaetomium sp., Curvularia lunata, Trichoderma viride, Trichotecium
roseum, Gliocladium roseum, Myrotechium verrucaria, Phoma sp., Phomopsis sp. i
Verticillium dahliae...
The application of medicinal plants and their preparations for the prevention and
treatment of various disorders in humans may be limited by the possible contamination
with phytopathogenic fungi and mycotoxins. Risk of using chemical fungicides for the
operator, the consumer and the environment, have led to increasing interest in the
introduction of alternative measures in plant protection. Lately, preparations of natural
origin, so-called biological control agents are in the focus of investigation. Biological
control involves the use of beneficial microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, fungi) or the
products of their metabolism, as well as the application of plant extracts and essential
oils in plant protection.
Examining over 40 stored dried medicinal plant species the lowest microbial
quality were determined for next herbal drugs: Maydis stigmata (corn silk), Mentha leaf
and herb (mint herb and leaf), Urtica leaf (nettle leaf), Equisetum herb (horsetail herb)
and Calendula flower (marigo...ld flower).
Although mixed infections was recorded with different types of fungus the
Fusarium was noted as the most dominant genera for most tested drugs, followed by
Aspergillus and Alternaria. Twelve species of the genus Fusarium was identified. In
addition, species from the following genera were identified: Phoma, Cephalosporium,
Nigrospora, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Gliocladium, Myrothecium, Cercospora,
Phomopsis, Verticillum, Dreschlera (=Bipolaris), Rhizoctonia, Septoria, Trichoderma,
Curvularia, Stahybotrys, Trichotecium, Puccinia, Botrytis, Mucor and Rhizopus sp.
depending on plant species.
In order to find an effective biological control agent, we investigated the
possibility of applying the essential oils and isolates of Bacillus sp. in the control of
selected identified fungi. In this regard, we chose the following fungal species:
Fusarium solani, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum (isolated from corn silk and marigold
flower), F. tricinctum, F. semitectum, F. sporotrichioides, F. subglutinans, Aspergillus
flavus, A. niger, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium sp., Chaetomium sp., Curvularia lunata, Trichoderma viride, Trichotecium roseum, Gliocladium roseum, Myrotechium
verrucaria, Phoma sp., Phomopsis sp. and Verticillium dahliae...