Uticaj bezalkoholnih i alkoholnih pića na humanu gleđ i uloga dentalne pelikule u zaštiti gleđi od erozije: in vitro studija

Abstract

This research aimed to estimate the erosive potential of 14 beverages – 11 nonalcoholic drinks (five carbonated beverages, two of which were energy drinks), six soft drinks (two types of fruit juice, two sports drinks and two types of tea) and three alcoholic beverages (beer, red wine and white wine) – and to determine the extent to which certain components of the dental pellicle contributed to the protection of the enamel against the erosive damage. The erosive potential was determined by measuring the pH and titratable acidity (TA). Guarana and Schweppes demonstrated the lowest initial pH values, whereas the orange juice and the aronia juice had the highest ones. Coca-Cola had the lowest value of the TA while the orange juice had the highest TA value. The roughness of the eroded enamel surfaces was examined by the analysis of the roughness parameters on the enamel samples dipped in the beverages three times a day for 15, 30 and 60 minutes throughout the period of 10 days. The most intensive enamel erosion was observed in the following samples: those immersed in Red Bull for 15 minutes, the ones immersed in the orange juice for 30 minutes and the samples immersed in Coca-Cola for 60 minutes. Green and black tea did not cause any erosive changes. The enamel surface morphology was analysed by means of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) according to the score-scale from 0 to 3. The samples dipped in Red Bull had the highest average grade, while those immersed in green tea had the lowest one. The SEM changes on the enamel surface were generally accompanied by the roughness parameters, but the profilometric parameters and morphological changes were not always consistent with the pH and TA, which implied more complex mechanisms involved in the development of erosion. Four types of saliva were prepared to examine the protection of enamel from erosion: the human stimulated saliva (collected from healthy donors), artificial saliva and two types of dialysed saliva, one of which contained salivary proteins and ions while the other one had only salivary proteins without ions. The enamel samples were first immersed in a particular saliva four times and then in the citric acid for three minutes. After analyzing the roughness parameters obtained by the atomic force microscope (AFM), it was concluded that the pellicle formed from salivary proteins without saliva ions provides the best protection against erosion.