Model za rangiranje nesanitarnih deponija prema riziku od atmosferskog zagađenja

Abstract

Istraživanje sprovedeno u okviru doktorske disertacije usmereno je na definisanje doprinosa nesanitarnih deponija riziku od atmosferskog zagađenja sa aspekta emisije i atmosferske disperzije metana i praškastih materija. Uticaj odabranih deponija posmatran je kroz dve odvojene analize, odnosno razvijeni model za uspostavljanje prioriteta u pogledu sanacije deponija, primenjen je na pomenuta dva aspekta rizika. U prvoj fazi sprovedenog istraživanja identifikovani su ključni kriterijumi u vidu karakteristika deponija, koje su značajne za procenu rizika od emisije i atmosferske disperzije metana i praškastih materija. Paralelno sa prvom fazom sprovedena je i druga faza, u okviru koje je razvijen model za kvantifikaciju svih definisanih kriterijuma i klasifikaciju deponija po određenim kategorijama rizika u odnosu na kvalitativne kriterijume. Poseban značaj ove faze istraživanja ogleda se u rezultatima sprovedenog monitoringa taložnih čestica u okviru dve velike gradske deponije u Novom Sadu i Zrenjaninu. Dalja obrada podataka obuhvatila je primenu metoda višekriterijumskog odlučivanja u cilju vrednovanja deponija kao razmatranih alternativa, uzimajući u obzir rezultate evaluacije identifikovanih kriterijuma od strane eksperata. Na osnovu rezultata finalne faze istraživanja postignut je osnovni cilj istraživanja, odnosno razvijen je model za rangiranje nesanitarnih deponija prema obimu rizika od atmosferskog zagađenja sa oba posmatrana aspekta. Validacija razvijenog modela izvršena je sprovedenom studijom slučaja, kojom je potvrđeno da se primenom modela, kroz definisanje doprinosa odabranih nesanitarnih deponija zagađenju ambijentalnog vazduha, mogu uspostaviti liste prioriteta prilikom odlučivanja o koracima ka njihovoj sanaciji.

The research conducted within the doctoral dissertation is aimed at defining the contribution of unsanitary landfills to the risk of atmospheric pollution from the aspect of emission and atmospheric dispersion of methane and particulate matter. The impact of selected landfills was observed through two separate analyzes whereas the model for establishing priorities in terms of landfill remediation was developed and applied to the mentioned two aspects of risk. In the first phase of the research, key criteria were identified in the form of landfill characteristics, which are important for assessing the risk of emissions and atmospheric dispersion of methane and particulate matter. Simultaneously with the first phase, in the second phase а model for quantification of all defined criteria and classification of landfills according to certain risk categories in relation to qualitative criteria was developed. The particular importance of second phase of research is reflected in the results of the monitoring of sedimentable particles within the two large landfills in cities of Novi Sad and Zrenjanin. Further data processing included the application of multi-criteria decision making methods in order to evaluate landfills as considered alternatives, taking into account the results of the evaluation of the identified criteria by experts. Based on the results of the final phase of the research, the aim of the research was achieved. The model for ranking unsanitary landfills according to the risk of atmospheric pollution from both observed aspects was developed. The validation of the developed model was carried out through a case study, which confirmed that by applying the model, through defining the contribution of selected unsanitary landfills to ambient air pollution, priority lists can be established when deciding on steps towards their remediation.