Njemački putopisi o Crnoj Gori za vrijeme vladavine Petra II Petrovića Njegoša

Abstract

Analiza poznatih, manje poznatih i domaćoj ĉitalaĉkoj publici gotovo nepoznatih putopisa o Crnoj Gori, napisanih ili objavljenih na njemaĉkom jeziku za vrijeme vladavine Petra II Petrovića Njegoša kao rezultat interesovanja za liĉnost ovog crnogorskog vladara i njegovu zemlju, tema su ovog rada. Kriterijume za odabir i metodologiju za obradu korpusa iz oblasti našeg interesovanja, a koji se odnosi na navedeni istorijski period, utvrdili smo na osnovu obuhvatnijeg istorijsko-teorijskog okvira, pri ĉemu smo se osvrnuli na istorijat, ali i na savremene teorije koje se tiĉu putopisa kao knjiţevne vrste. U radu smo, prije svega, predstavili kulturne posrednike koji su uticali na buĊenje interesovanja javnosti njemaĉkog govornog podruĉja za Crnu Goru i Crnogorce, kao i opšti društveno-politiĉki i kulturni okvir u kome su putopisi ovog perioda nastali. Da bismo rasvijetlili odreĊeni naĉin prikazivanja i shvatanja ove juţnoslovenske zemlje u zemljama njemaĉkog govornog podruĉja naroĉito smo skrenuli paţnju na presudne razloge interesovanja njemaĉkih putopisaca, odnosno putopisaca koji su pisali na njemaĉkom jeziku. Analizirajući prikupljenu graĊu, hronološki smo prikazali autore koji su putopisno opisali Crnu Goru Njegoševog vremena, naveli smo kada su njihova djela nastala, gdje su objavljena i kako je ova zemlja njihovim perom opisana, imajući u vidu splet svih kulturnih, društveno-politiĉkih i ekonomskih okolnosti koji su neizbjeţno uticali na percepciju i predstave o tadašnjem crnogorskom društvu. U putopisima koji su nastali izvorno na njemaĉkom jeziku ili su na njemaĉki prevedeni sa drugih stranih jezika, analizom su se, u pogledu autora ovih putopisnih djela, izdvojile najznaĉajnije teme i motivi, vladajući diskurs i pristup odreĊenim pojavama u crnogorskom društvu Njegoševog doba.

The thesis aims at the analysis of travelogues about Montenegro written or published in German during the reign of Petar II Petrović Njegoš, which were the result of interest in the personality of this Montenegrin ruler and his country. The travelogues were well-known, less known, and almost unknown to our readership. Criteria for selection and methodology for processing the corpus in the field of our interest, which refers to the historical period, have been based on a more comprehensive historical-theoretical framework, referring to history, as well as contemporary theories concerning travelogues as a literary genre. The author of the paper has presented the cultural mediators who influenced the arousal of the German-speaking public's interest in Montenegro and Montenegrins, as well as the general socio-political and cultural framework in which the travelogues were created during this period. The author make clear to the crucial reasons for the interest of German travel writers, as well as those who wrote in German, to shed light on a specific way of presenting and understanding this South Slavic country in the German-speaking countries. Having analyzed the collected material, the author has chronologically presented the writers who described the Montenegro of Njegoš's time, stated when their works were created, when and where they were published and how this country was described by their quill, having in mind the intertwining of all cultural, socio-political and economic circumstances that inevitably influenced the perception and the notion of the Montenegrin society during that period. The analysis highlighted the most important themes and motives, the prevailing discourse and approach to certain phenomena in the Montenegrin society of Njegoš's time found in the travelogues that were originally written in German or translated into German from other foreign languages.