Uticaj ishrane na životni ciklus i morfološku varijabilnost Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract

Cilj ovog istraživanja je eksperimentalno ispitivanje i analiza uticaja sadržaja vlage, makronutrijenata (proteina, masti, ugljenih hidrata, ukupnih i direktno redukujućih šećeri i skroba), pepela i sekundarnih metabolita (ukupnih fenolnih jedinjenja, flavonoida i tanina) u hranljivim podlogama na osobine životne istorije (preživljavanje, dužina i dinamika razvića razvojnih stadijuma, uticaj sparivanja imaga na dužinu njihovog života, trajanje ovipozicije i fekunditet) i morfološku varijabilnost (dužina tela i prednjih krila) laboratorijske populacije bakrenastog plamenca Plodia interpunctella. Larvama je kao hrana ponuđeno 28 prehrambenih proizvoda grupisanih u tri grupe: sušeno (16 vrsta) i jezgrasto voće (četiri vrste) i žita (pet strnih i tri vrste prosolikih), kao i standardna laboratorijska podloga (SLP). Utvrđeni su značajni efekti ishrane na životnu istoriju i morfološku varijabilnost P. interpunctella. Dobijeni podaci o osobinama životne istorije su integrisani u modele za predviđanje dinamike ovipozicije, ulutkavanja i eklozije imaga. Preživljavanje preadultnih stadijuma je bilo najveće za larve hranjene jezgrastim voćem. Larve odgajane na SLP i jezgrastim voćem su najbrže prelazile u naredni stupanj. Najkraće preadultno razviće su imale jedinke hranjene SLP i jezgrastim voćem. Različita ishrane nije uticala na preživljavanje stadijuma lutke. Ulutkavanje i eklozija imaga su bili značajno brži i ujednačeniji kod jedinki hranjenih SLP i jezgrastim voćem. Imaga odgajena na prosolikim žitima i jezgrastim voćem su najduže živela. Razlike u dužini života mužjaka i ženki uglavnom nisu bile statistički značajne. Sparene ženke su uglavnom živele znatno kraće od nesparenih. U većini ogleda, nije uočena statistički značajna razlika u dužini života između sparenih mužjaka i ženki, odnosno nesparenih mužjaka i ženki. Ženke odgajene na jezgrastom voću, SLP, sušenim smokvama i godži bobicama su polagale najveći broj jaja. Dužina tela i prednjih krila imaga odgajenih na jezgrastom voću i SLP je uglavnom bila veća nego onih na sušenom voću i žitima. SLP, jezgrastvo voće, sušena smokva i godži bobice su najpogodnija hrana za P. interpunctella.

The aim of this research is experimental investigation and analysis of the influence of content of moisture, macronutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, total and reducing sugars and starch), ash, and secondary metabolites (total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins) in larval diet on the life history traits (survival, developmental duration and dynamics of all life stages, influence of mating on adult longevity, duration of oviposition, and fecundity) and morphological variability (body and forewing length) of the laboratory population of Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. The larvae were offered 28 diet types grouped into three groups: dried fruits (16 species), nuts (four species) and cereals (five small grain and three millet species), as well as a standard laboratory diet (SLD). Significant influence of nutrition on life history and morphological variability of P. interpunctella were found. The obtained data on the life history traits were integrated into models for predicting the dynamics of oviposition, pupation and adult emergence. Survival of preadult stages was the highest for larvae reared on nuts. Larvae reared on SLD and nuts were the fastest to move to the next instar. The shortest preadult development was in individuals reared on SLD and nuts. Different diets did not affect the survival of the pupa stage. Pupation and adult emergence were significantly faster and more synchronized in individuals reared on SLD and nuts. Adults reared on millet cereals and nuts lived the longest. Differences in the male and female longevity were generally statistically insignificant. Copulated females generally lived significantly shorter than uncopulated ones. Mostly, no significant difference in longevity between copulated males and females was observed, or between uncopulated males and females. Females reared on nuts, SLD, dried figs and goji berries laid the largest number of eggs. The body and forewing length of adults reared on nuts and SLD were generally longer than in those reared on dried fruits and cereals. SLD, nuts, dried figs and goji berries are the most suitable diet for P. interpunctella.