Austro-Ugarska i Jevreji u Bosni i Hercegovini: (1878-1914)

Abstract

Tema disertacije je uticaj austrougarske uprave na položaj Jevreja na prostoru Bosne i Hercegovine. Posmatrani vremenski okvir obuhvata period od austrougarske uprave od 1878. godine do početka Prvog svjetskog rata, 1914. godine. Uspostavom austrougarske uprave na prostoru Bosne i Hercegovine, započet je proces tranzicije društvenog i upravnog sistema, iz osmanskog ka modernijem austrougarskom. Koristeći arhivsku građu, ali i relevantnu naučnu literaturu nastojali smo da objasnimo kakve su promjene nastupile u uređenju jevrejske zajednice na prostoru Bosne i Hercegovine, odnosno kako se odvijalo ujednačavanje statusa Jevreja u Bosni i Hercegovini sa statusom Jevreja u Monarhiji, zatim da ukažemo koliko su novodoseljeni Jevreji uticali na privredni preobražaj i razvoj Bosne i Hercegovine u vrijeme austrougarske uprave, te takođe da damo osvrt na učešće Jevreja u političkom životu koji se pod austrougarskom upravom u Bosni i Hercegovini počeo oblikovati. Poseban segment istraživanja predstavljali su odnosi između sefardske i aškenaske zajednice, koji su obilježeni različitim istorijskim razvojem kroz koji je svaka od ovih zajednica prošla. Dio disertacije posvećen je i izgradnji školskog sistema, kao i organizaciji i djelovanju jevrejskih kulturnih i humanitarnih društava, koje se odvijao pod nadzorom austrougarske uprave. Posebnu pažnju posvetili smo razvoju cionističkog pokreta. Istražili smo njegove ideje, širenje, ali i krajnje domete na prostoru Bosne i Hercegovine.

The topic of this dissertation is the influence of the Austro-Hungarian administration on the position of Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The observed time frame covers the period of Austro-Hungarian administration from 1878 to the beginning of the First World War in 1914. The establishment of the Austro-Hungarian administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina initiated the transition process of the social and administrative system from the Ottoman to the more modern Austro-Hungarian. While using the archival material, but also relevant scientific literature, we strived to explain what changes had occured in the organization of the Jewish community in Bosnia and Herzegovina, i.e., how the status of Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina was balanced with the status of Jews in the Monarchy; to indicate how much newly inhabited Jews influenced the economic transformation and development of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also to provide an overview of the participation of Jews in the political life which began to form under the Austro- Hungarian administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A particular segment of this research was the relations between the Sephardic and Ashkenazi communities, which were marked by different historical developments that each of these communities had experienced. Likewise, a part of the dissertation was dedicated to the establishment of the education system, as well as the organization and activities of Jewish cultural and humanitarian societies, which occured under the supervision of the Austro-Hungarian administration. A special attention was paid to the development of the Zionst movement. We researched its ideas, expansion, but also the ultimate achievements in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina.