Procena uticaja sociodemografskih faktora, zdravstvenih faktora i fizičke aktivnosti na razvoj deformiteta kičmenog stuba kod dece

Abstract

SAŽETAK Uslovi života, nagli rast i razvoj, porodična opterećen i fizička aktivnost utiču na pojavu deformiteta kičmenog stuba kod dece u razvojnom periodu. Do sada objavljeni literaturni podaci, odnose se uglavnom na uticaj pojedinačnih faktora rasta i razvoja, pojedinačnih uslova života, sociodemografske uslovljenosti, porodičnog opterećenja i slično. Cilj ove disertacije je da se ispita ukupan značaj sociodemografskih faktora, zdravstvenih faktora i fizičke aktivnosti, kao i njihova međusobna uslovljenost, za nastanak deformiteta kičmenog stuba kod dece u razvojnom periodu. Istraživanje je sprovedeno po tipu opservacione, kliničke studije u periodu od 2016 - 2018. godine. Učesnici studije su deca sa deformitetima kičme, koja su prvi put pregledana od strane fizijatra i dečjeg hirurga. Uzorak je obuhvatio 100 dece sa deformitetima kičme, uzrasta 7-16 godina. Kontrolnu grupu je činilo 100 dece bez deformiteta kičme. Skolioza je najčešći deformitet kičmenog stuba, zastupljen u ispitivanoj seriji u oko 67% (r=0,0006) dece. Ispitanici obe grupe nisu se bitno razlikovali prema polu. Deca u grupi sa deformitetima kičmenog stuba bila su statistički značajno starijeg uzrasta (11,5±3,1 vs.10,4±3,1god, r=0.016), povećane telesne težine (43,9±16,0 vs.39,3±16,6 kg, r=0,046) i visine (151,7±17,2 vs.145,8±18,2 cm, r=0,019) i ređe su se bavila slobodnim fizičkim aktivnostima (81,0% vs.92,0%, r=0,001). Deca iz grupe sa deformitetima kičme su značajno manje uključena u fizičke aktivnosti u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu ispitanika bez deformiteta kičme, ali nema značajne razlike u učestalosti i trajanju vremena provedenog u fizičkim aktivnostima tokom nedelje, kao ni u pogledu vrste i zastupljenosti različitih sportova. Za decu je važno da se bave fizičkim aktivnostima, rekreativno, a prema našem istraživanju, najmanje 3 puta, a ukupno 3 sata, nedeljno.

ABSTRACT Living conditions, sudden growth and development, family load and physical activity affect the occurrence of spinal deformities in children in the developmental period. The literature data, published so far, refer mainly to the influence of individual factors of development and growth, individual living conditions, socio-demographic conditioning, family burden etc. The aim of this dissertation is to examine the overall importance of sociodemographic factors, health factors and physical activity, as well as their interdependence, for the occurrence of spinal deformities in children in the developmental period. The research was conducted as a type of observational, clinical study in the period from 2016 to 2018. The participants in the study were children with spinal deformities, who were examined for the first time by a physiatrist and a pediatric surgeon. The sample included 100 children with spinal deformities, aged 7-16 years. The control group consisted of 100 children without spinal deformity. Scoliosis is the most common spinal deformity, present in the examined series in about 67% (p=0,0006) of children. Respondents in both groups did not differ significantly by gender. Children in the group with spinal deformities were statistically significantly older (11,5 ± 3,1 vs.10,4 ± 3,1 years, p=0,016), with increased body weight (43,9±16,0 vs.39,3±16,6 kg, p=0,046) and height (151,7±17,2 vs.145,8±18,2 cm, p=0,019) and less often engaged in free physical activities (81,0% vs.92,0%, p=0,001). Children from the group with spinal deformities were significantly less involved in physical activities compared to the control group of respondents, but there was no significant difference in the frequency and duration of time spent in physical activities during the week, nor in the type and prevalence of different sports. It is important for children to engage in physical activities, recreationally, and according to our research, at least 3 times, and a total of 3 hours, a week.