Uticaj epilepsije i antiepileptičnih lekova na mineralnu koštanu gustinu odraslih pacijenata sa cerebralnom paralizom i mentalnom retardacijom
Effect of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs on bone mineral density in adult patients with cerebral palsy and mental retardation
Author
Ненадов, Јовановић, НаташаMentor
Mikov, Aleksandra
Committee members
Tomašević-Todorović, Snežana
Mikov, Aleksandra

Dimitrijević, Lidija
Krasnik, Rastislava
Zvekić-Svorcan, Jelena
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Pacijenti sa cerebralnom paralizom imaju višestruke faktore rizika za pojavu niskih vrednosti mineralne koštane gustine ili osteoporoze, koji uključuju stepen pokretljivosti, proteinsko-energetsku neuhranjenost, način hranjenja i/ili upotrebu antikonvulziva. Cilj istraživanja bio je da utvrdi da li postoji razlika u vrednostima mineralne koštane gustine kosti između ispitanika sa i bez epilepsije, da li postoji povezanost indeksa telesne mase, stepena motoričkog poremećaja i mentalne retardacije sa vrednostima mineralne koštane gustine. Materijal i metode: studija preseka, u istraživanje su bila uključena 62 ispitanika, uzrasta 18-50 godina, korisnika Doma „Veternik“ u Veterniku, sa dijagnozom cerebralne paralize, mentalne retardacije i sa/bez epilepsije. Iz medicinske dokumentacije uzeti su podaci kliničkog pregleda, antropometrijskih merenja i laboratorijskih analiza. Mineralna koštana gustina merena je dvostrukom X-zračnom apsorpciometrijom u Specijalnoj bolnici za reumatske bolesti... u Novom Sadu. Motorički nivo ispitanika procenjen je prema sistemu klasifikacije grubih motoričkih funkcija (engl. The Gross Motor Function Classification System – Expanded and Revised, GMFCS-E&R). Rezultati su pokazali da je više od polovine ukupnog uzorka (61,4%) imala sniženu mineralnu koštanu gustinu, a gotovo svi ispitanici imali su snižen serumski nivo vitamina D. Najniže vrednosti mineralne koštane gustine bile su kod ispitanika koji su pripadali petom nivou funkcionalnosti prema GMFCS-E&R. U celom uzorku bilo je 53% ispitanika koji su imali epilepsiju. U grupi ispitanika sa epilepsijom (u odnosu na grupu bez epilepsije) ispitanici su bili statistički značajno mlađeg uzrasta (oko 27 godina); telesna masa i indeks telesne mase bili su statistički značajno niži; vrednost mineralne koštane gustine kičme bila je niža (ali bez statistički značajne razlike), a Z-skor kičme bio je statistički značajno niži u ovoj grupi isitanika. Zaključak: odrasle osobe sa cerebralnom paralizom, mentalnom retardacijom sa ili bez epilepsije imaju sniženu vrednost mineralne koštane gustine izražene Z-skorom nastalu kao posledica delovanja faktora rizika vezanih za samu bolest, kao što su teško oštećenje grube motorike, pothranjenost i uzimanje antiepileptika. U našem istraživanju nije uočena povezanost vrednosti mineralne koštane gustine sa vrstom, brojem i dužinom primene antiepilepstične terapije. Potrebno je kontinuirano praćenje trenda uticaja antiepileptične terapije, ali i drugih faktora rizika na mineralnu koštanu gustinu kod ove vulnerabilne populacije odraslih ispitanika.
Patients with cerebral palsy have multiple risk factors for the occurrence of low bone mineral density or osteoporosis, including the degree of mobility, proteinenergy malnutrition, diet and/or anticonvulsant therapy. Study aims: The research goal was to determine whether there is a difference in bone mineral density values between subjects with and without epilepsy, and whether body mass index, degree of motor dysfunction and mental retardation are correlated with bone mineral density values. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study included 62 users of the Home "Veternik" in Veternik aged 18−50 years that have been diagnosed with cerebral palsy and mental retardation, along with/without epilepsy. Medical history data included clinical examination findings, anthropometric measurements and laboratory analyses. Bone mineral density was measured by double X-ray absorptiometry at the Special Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases in Novi Sad. The subjects’ level of motor functioning was ...determined according to the The Gross Motor Function Classification System – Expanded and Revised, GMFCS−E&R. Results: Analyses revealed that more than half of the total sample (61.4%) had reduced bone mineral density, and almost all subjects had reduced serum vitamin D levels. The lowest bone mineral density values were noted for subjects with Level V functionality according to the GMFCS−E&R. In the whole sample, there were 53% of respondents who had epilepsy. Compared to those without epilepsy, the subjects with epilepsy were statistically significantly younger (about 27 years of age), had statistically significantly lower body mass and body mass index, lower bone mineral density of the spine (but this difference was not statistically significant), and statistically significantly lower Z-score of the spine. Conclusion: Adults with cerebral palsy and mental retardation, irrespective of whether they have epilepsy, have decreased Z-score-expressed bone mineral density due to the influence of risk factors related to the disease itself, such as severe gross motor skill impairment, malnutrition and antiepileptic therapy. The present study did not reveal a correlation between bone mineral density values and the type and number of antiepileptic drugs or therapy duration. Continual monitoring of the influence of antiepileptic therapy and other risk factors on the bone mineral density in this vulnerable population of adult subjects is required.