Aorist u francuskom i njegovi značenjski ekvivalenti u srpskom jeziku

Abstract

Predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije jeste semantička kontrastivna analiza aorista i njegovih značenjskih ekvivalenata u srpskom jeziku. Njen cilj je da se opišu, analiziraju i kontrastiraju semantike aorista u francuskom i srpskom jeziku, ali i da se analizom korpusa utvrde svi glagolski oblici u srpskom jeziku koji sadrže semantičku prirodu francuskog aorista, zbog čega se i javljaju kao njegovi prevodni ekvivalenti. Pritom, zadatak je bio rasvetliti sisteme glagolskih vremena ova dva jezika u svetlu Teorije optimaliteta, budući da su njihova analiza i opis od presudne važnosti za razjašnjenje izbora prevodnog ekvivalenta. Zapravo, glavna razlika sistema glagolskih vremena u srpskom i francuskom jeziku jeste različito izražavanje vidske informacije, jer je u francuskom kategorija aspekta enkodirana putem opozicije glagolskih vremena aorist/imperfekat, dok je u srpskom (i drugim slovenskim jezicima), ona morfološki izražena pomoću opozicije svršenih i nesvršenih glagola. U radu smo koristili metodu kontrastivne analize primera iz korpusa sačinjenog od šest francuskih romana i njihovih srpskih prevodnih verzija, kao i dva srpska romana i njihovih francuskih prevoda. Na osnovu analize korpusa, utvrđeno je prisustvo perfektivnog perfekta, aorista, pripovedačkog prezenta, ali i imperfektivnog perfekta u srpskim prevodima izabranih francuskih romana. Posebno su značajni slučajevi upotrebe francuskog aorista interne fokalizacije, kao i srpskog inkoativnog aorista pri čemu je od posebne važnosti bilo ispitati kako se inkoativnost izražava u srpskom jeziku, a kako u francuskom jeziku, i da li postoji odstupanje u značenjskoj nijansi.

The subject of research of this doctoral dissertation is the semantics contrastive linguistics analysis of aorist and its semantic equivalents in the Serbian language. The goal is to describe, analyze and contrast the semantics of aorists in French and Serbian, but also interpreting the corpus to find all verb forms in Serbian that contain the semantic feature of the French aorist, thus, the reason why they occur as its translation equivalents. In doing so, the task was to depict the systems of verb tenses of these two languages taking into account the Optimality Theory since their analysis and description are crucial for clarifying the choice of the translation equivalents. The main distinction between the system of verb tenses in Serbian and French is the different expression of verbal aspect since, in French, the category of form is encoded through the opposition of verb tenses aorist/imperfect whereas in Serbian, (as well as other Slavic languages) it is morphologically expressed by the opposition perfective and imperfective verbs. In the thesis, we used the method of analysis of examples from a corpus composed of six French novels and their versions translated in Serbian, as well as two Serbian novels with their French translations. The presence of the perfective perfect, aorist, narrative present, but also the imperfective perfect in Serbian translations of selected French novels were found by analyzing the corpus. The instances of the use of the French aorist of internal focalization, along with the Serbian inchoative aorist, are particularly significant, whereby the research on how is inchoation expressed in both Serbian and French was especially important, as well as to inspect whether there are any discrepancies in meaning.