Ispitivanje sindroma sagorevanja na poslu kod medicinskih sestara vaspitača u predškolskim ustanovama u Beogradu

Abstract

Sindrom sagorevanja predstavlja stanje fizičke, emocionalne i mentalne iscrpljenosti izazvane dugotrajnim izlaganjem emocionalno zahtevnim situacijama na poslu. Rad sa malom decom može biti veoma stresan, zbog čega medicinske sestre – vaspitači predstavljaju visoko rizičnu grupu za razvoj sindroma sagorevanja na poslu. U ovom istraživanju ispitana je prevalenca sindroma sagorevanja na poslu kod medicinskih sestara - vaspitača u beogradskim predškolskim ustanovama, procenjene su psihometrijske karakteristike opšteg upitnika sagorevanja na poslu (MBI-GS) i ispitani prediktori sindroma sagorevanja, kao i značaj karakteristika ličnosti za razvoj ovog sindroma. METOD: Istraživanje predstavlja studiju preseka sprovedenu u predškolskim ustanovama u Beogradu. Reprezentativni uzorak odabran je po tipu stratifikovanog klaster uzorka. Sindrom sagorevanja procenjen je korišćenjem opšteg upitnika sagorevanja na poslu (MBI-GS). Upitnik je adaptiran za upotrebu na srpskom govornom području, na osnovu međunarodno prihvaćene metodologije za prevod i kulturološku adaptaciju. Psihometrijske karakteristike srpske verzije MBIGS upitnika analizirane su ispitivanjem faktorske strukture i interne konzistentnosti. Za procenu karakteristika ličnosti korišćena je skraćena verzija upitnika „Velikih pet plus dva“. Odobrenje za sprovođenje istraživanja dobijeno je od Sekretarijata za obrazovanje i dečju zaštitu grada Beograda, i Etičkog odbora Medicinskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu. REZULTATI: Studijom su obuhvaćene 302 medicinske sestre – vaspitači prosečne starosti 38+9.2 godina, ženskog pola. Konfirmatornom faktorskom analizom potvrdjena struktura upitnika sa tri faktora (iscrpljenost, cinizam i profesionalna efikasnost). Kod 251 (83.1%) ispitanice utvrdjeno je prisustvo umerenog stepena sindroma sagorevanja. U multiploj regresionoj analizi, pozitivna valenca i savesnost su bile značajno povezane sa profesionalnom efikasnošću. Agresivnost, neuroticizam, otvorenost i starost bili su značajno povezani sa iscrpljenošću. Agresivnost, neuroticizam i obavljanje dodatnih poslova bili su povezani sa cinizmom. ZAKLJUČAK: Zadovoljavajuće psihometrijske karakteristike srpske verzije upitnika MBI-GS su potvrđene ovom studijom. Većina medicinskih sestara - vaspitača pokazala je umeren stepen sindroma sagorevanja na poslu. Osobine ličnosti utiču na pojavu sindroma sagorevanja na poslu kod medicinskih sestara - vaspitača koje rade u predškolskim ustanovama.

Burnout syndrome is a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion caused by prolonged exposure to emotionally demanding situations at work. Working with young children can be very stressful, this is why nursery teachers represent a high risk group for the development of burnout syndrome at work. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of burnout syndrome among nursery teachers in Belgrade’s preschool institutions, to assess the psychometric characteristics of the general burnout questionnaire (MBI-GS), identify predictors of burnout syndrome, and the role of personality traits in its development. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in all Belgrade’s preschool institutions. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to obtain a representative sample. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory- General Survey (MBI-GS). The MBI-GS adaptation was based on an internationally accepted methodology for translation and cultural adaptation. Psychometric properties of the Serbian version of the MBI-GS were analyzed by the confirmatory factorial analysis and measures of internal consistency. A shortened version of Big Five Plus Two questionnaire was used to measure Personality traits. The approval was obtained from the Secretariat for Education and Child Protection of the City of Belgrade, and from the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty University of Belgrade. RESULTS: Three hundred two health care professionals were enrolled. The mean age was 38±9.2 years and all were female. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the three-factor structure of the questionnaire (exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy). Overall, 251 (83.1%) respondents were found to have moderate burnout. In multiple regression analysis, positive valence and conscientiousness were significantly associated with professional efficacy. Aggressiveness, neuroticism, openness, and age, were significantly associated with exhaustion. Aggressiveness, neuroticism and additional jobs showed association with cynicism. CONCLUSION: Present study provided the evidence for the appropriate metric properties of the Serbian version of MBI-GS. Most nurses demonstrated moderate burnout level. Personality traits are characteristics that affect presence of burnout syndrome in healthcare professionals working in preschool institutions.