Efikasnost različitih programa vežbanja na zdravstveni fitnes studentkinja

Abstract

The aim of the research was to determine the effects of different exercise programs: a resistance training exercise program and a Pilates ball exercise program, on the health-related fitness of female college students. The sample of 45 female college students was randomly divided into three sub-samples, each with 15 participants. The subsample of the first experimental group during the experimental period realized a resistance training exercise program in a gym while the subsample of the second experimental group during the same period of time took part in a Pilates ball exercise program. The sub-sample of the control group (K) did not take part in any exercise program. For the assessment of the sample characteristics the following parameters were calculated: body height (cm), body mass (kg) and the body mass index (kg /m2). Body composition was assessed by the following parameters: Body Fat Mass (%), Body Fat Mass (kg), Muscle Mass (%), Muscle Mass (kg) and Fat Free Mass (%). Muscle fitness was assessed by the tests: 1RM Bench Press, 1RM Overhead Press, 1RM Leg Press, Core Muscle Strength and Stability Test and the McCloy Physical Fitness Test which consists of five tests. To evaluate the cardiorespiratory fitness, the Beep test was applied. Flexibility was assessed using the four tests: Supine straight leg raise, Spread Eagle supine leg abductions, Prone straight leg extensions, and the Sit and reach test. Central and dispersion parameters were calculated for all the tests. The normality of distribution of the variables was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. To determine the significance of the differences between the control and experimental groups at the initial and final measurements, the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and the Two-Factor Univariate Analysis of Variance with application of the Bonferroni correction, were calculated. The dependent sample T - test was used to determine differences between the initial and final measurements. The effect size within each group was determined by Cohen’s effect size (ES). The Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and the Univariate Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were calculated to determine the effects of the experimental programs. The data were processed in the statistical package for the social sciences (Statistical Package for Social Sciences – SPSS), version 17. The results showed that both experimental programs had significant effects on the health-related fitness of female college students. Resistance training had a greater impact on improvement of body composition and maximal leg strength when compared to Pilates ball training. Both experimental programs can be recomended for improvement of the health-related components of fitness.