Prilog određivanju fumonizina u žitaricama i lekovitom bilju u Srbiji

Abstract

Ispitana je mogućnost ekstrakcije fumonizina iz kukuruza sa vodom i fosfatnim puferom, umesto sa smešom acetonitril–metanol–voda. Ekstrakcione metode neorganskim rastvaraĉima su uspešno primenjene za odreĊivanje fumonizina B1, B2 i B3 metodom tečne hromatografije sa fluorescentnom detekcijom, kao i ukupnih fumonizina pomoću imunohemijske metode. Analiziran je veći broj uzoraka na prisustvo i sadržaj fumonizina. Ispitani su uzorci kukuruza (235), sakupljeni tokom višegodišnjeg perioda (2005. i 2009−2013. godine) i pšenice (83) roda 2010. i 2012. godine, sa područja severne Srbije. Ispitana je kontaminiranost kukuruza sa područja severne Srbije fumonizinima, drugim mikotoksinima i plesnima, kao i mogući uticaj klimatskih faktora na stepen kontaminacije. Rezultati kontaminiranosti useva fumonizinima za svaku godinu pojedinačno su povezivani sa vremenskim prilikama koje su pratile istu. Različita hrana na bazi žitarica je analizirana ELISA metodama. Razvijena je ELISA i metoda tečne hromatografije sa fluorescentnom detekcijom za određivanje fumonizina u tri vrste lekovitog bilja sa područja Srbije. Ispitana je mogućnost primene infracrvene spektroskopije sa Furijeovim transformom za odredivanje fumonizina. Razvijen je ekspertni sistem za rešavanje problema izbora optimalnog postupka određivanja fumonizina u kukuruzu.

Possibility of fumonisin extraction from maize using water and phosphate buffer instead of acetonitrile-methanol-water mixture was examined. The methods of extraction without organic solvents have successfully been applied for the determination of fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 using liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection method, as well as total fumonisins using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Large number of samples was analyzed for the presence and content of fumonisins. Maize samples (total 235) collected throughout several-year period (2005 and 2009-2013) and wheat samples (total 83) from 2010 and 2012 harvest originating from the territory of northern Serbia were analyzed. Contamination of maize originating from the territory of northern Serbia with fumonisins and other mycotoxins and moulds was examined, as well as the potential impact of climatic factors on contamination level. The results on the fumonisin-contamination of cereals obtained for each individual year are related with the climatic conditions characteristic for the relevant year. A variety of cereal-based food was analyzed using ELISA methods. Improved liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection method and ELISA for the determination of fumonisins in three medicinal plant species from the territory of Serbia were developed. Possible application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for quantification of fumonisin was investigated. An expert system to solve the problem of selecting an optimal method for determination of fumonisins in maize has been developed.