Biopotencijal autohtonih gljiva u funkciji nutraceutika

Abstract

Karakterizacija ekstrakata plodnih tela devet autohtonih vrsta gljiva pripadnika razdela Basidiomycota obuhvatila je preliminarno ispitivanje hemijskog sastava i ispitivanje biološke aktivnosti. Primenom HPLC‐MS/MS i GC-FID tehnike detektovan je i određen sadržaj fenolnih jedinjenja i metil estara masnih kiselina. Primenom tehnike elektroforeze na mikročipu ("LAB‐ON‐A‐CHIP" kapilarnom elektroforezom) izvršena je karakterizacija proteinskih frakcija u odabranim vrstama gljiva. Antioksidantna aktivnost (sposobnost neutralizacije slobodnih radikala, redukcioni potencijal), sadržaj ukupnih fenola i flavonoida vodenih i etanolnih ekstrakata ispitan je primenom spektrofotometrijskih metoda. Antimikrobna aktivnost metanolnog i heksanskog ekstrakta ispitana je na Gram‐pozitivnim i Gram–negativnim bakterijskim sojevima. Efekat etanolnih i vodenih ekstrakata odabranih vrsta gljiva na rast ćelijske linije MCF7 (humani adenokarcinom dojke pozitivan na estrogenske i progesteronske receptore), ispitan je MTT i SRB testom, dok je efekat frakcija ispitan primenom MTT testa. Sumarno, ukupni biopotencijal ispitivanih vrsta na osnovu sprovedenih analiza hemijske karakterizacije i bioloških testova upućuju opravdanost hipoteze da su odabrane vrste potencijalni izvori nutraceutika. Svakako je potrebno i neophodno nastaviti dalja istraživanja ovih vrsta.

Characterization of extracts of fruiting bodies of nine native species of mushrooms members of section Basidiomycota included preliminary testing of chemical composition and biological activity. Using HPLC‐MS / MS and GC‐FID techniques the content of phenolic compounds and fatty acid methyl esters has been detected and determined. By applying the techniques of electrophoresis on microchip ("LAB‐ON‐A‐CHIP" capillary electrophoresis) characterization of protein fractions in selected types of mushrooms has been performed. The antioxidant activity (the ability of neutralizing free radicals, reducing potential), the contents of total phenols and flavonoids of water and ethanol extracts has been tested using the spectrophotometric method. The antimicrobial activity of methanol and hexane extracts was tested against Gram‐ positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains. The effect of ethanol and aqueous extracts of selected fungi species on the growth of the cell line MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors), has been examined using MTT and SRB assay, while the effect of the fractions has been tested by using the MTT assay. In summary, the overall biological potential of the examined species based on results for chemical and biological characterization tests (anti‐oxidative, antimicrobial and anti‐proliferative) indicate the justifiability of the hypothesis that examined species of mushrooms are potential sources of nutraceuticals. It is certainly needed and necessary to continue further research of these species.