Ispitivanje antimikrobnih, antiinflamacijskih, antioksidacionih i kardioprotektivnih efekata ekstrakta ivanjskog cveća, Galium verum L

Abstract

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da ispita antimikrobna, antioksidaciona, antiinflamacijska i kardioprotektivna svojstva ekstrakata dobijenih iz nadzemnih delova biljke ivanjsko cveće (Galium verum L). Metode: Antimikrobna aktivnost ekstrakata testirana je pomoću bujon mikrodilucionog metoda, dok je antibiofilm aktivnost testirana pomoću Tissue culture plate testa. Antiinflamacijski efekat ekstrakata određivan je na modelu inflamacije izazvane karageninom kod pacova. Ovaj deo studije obuhvatio je 50 pacova (5 grupa po 10 pacova): pacovi na tretmanu ekstraktom u dozi od 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg i 200 mg/kg intraperitonealno (i.p.), indometacinom (10 mg/kg i.p.) i pacovi na tretmanu 0,9% NaCl. Efekti ekstrakata ivanjskog cveća na funkciju miokarda ispitivani su pomoću modela ishemijsko-reperfuzione (I-R) povrede izolovanog srca pacova, metodom retrogradne perfuzije po Langendorff-u. Ovaj deo eksperimenta obuhvatio je 80 pacova (8 grupa po 10 pacova): zdravi i spontano hipertenzivni pacovi koji su tokom 4 nedelje, pre izazivanja srčane I-R, bili na tretmanu metanolnim ekstraktom ivanjskog cveća u dozi od 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg i 500 mg/kg per os i zdravi i spontano hipertenzivni netretirani pacovi. U uzorcima koronarnog venskog efluenta određivani su nivoi prooksidanasa, dok je iz uzoraka venske krvi određivan sistemski redok status. Rezultati: Naši rezultati su otkrili umerenu antibakterijsku i slabu antigljivičnu aktivnost ekstrakata, čiji je intenzitet varirao u zavisnosti od testiranog mikroorganizma i tipa ekstrakta. Metanolni ekstrakt ivanjskog cveća u svim dozama pokazao je značajan potencijal ka ublažavanju inflamacije izazvane karageninom. Četvoronedeljni tretman ekstraktom ivanjskog cveća u svim dozama značajno je poboljšao oporavak funkcije miokarda i doprineo očuvanju kontrakcije i relaksacije srca. Takođe ekstrakt ove biljne vrste umanjio je srčanu i sistemsku produkciju prooksidanasa. Navedene protektivne efekte ekstrakt ivanjskog cveća je ostvario u uslovima normotenzije i povišenog krvnog pritiska, pri čemu je intenzivniji uticaj nakon administracije više doze.Zaključak: Obećavajući efekti ivanjskog cveća u ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji pružaju osnovu za buduća istraživanja koja bi dodatno sagledala terapijske mogućnosti ove biljne vrste i rasvetlila mehanizme putem kojih ostvaruje farmakološku aktivnost.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and cardioprotective properties of the extracts obtained from the aerial part of lady’s bedstraw (Galium verum L, G. verum L). Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the extract was tested by microdilution method, while the antibiofilm acitivity was assessed by Tissue Culture Plate test. The anti-inflammatory effects of extracts were determined by using model of carrageenan- induced inflammation in rats. This part of the study included 50 rats (5 groups, 10 rats per group): rats on the treatment with extracts at doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.), indomethacin (10 mg/kg i.p.) and rats treated with 0.9% NaCl solution. The effects of extracts of G. verum on myocardial function were investigated by using a model of ischemiareperfusion (I-R) injury of the isolated rat hearts, by Langendorff retrograde perfusion method. This part of the study included 80 rats divided into 8 groups: healthy and spontaneously hypertensive rats that were treated with methanolic extract of G. verum at a dose of 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg for 4 weeks prior to the induction of cardiac IR, and healthy and spontaneously hypertensive untreated rats. Levels of pro-oxidants were determined in the samples of coronary venous effluent, while systemic redox state was estimated in venous blood samples. Results: Our results revealed a moderate antibacterial and weak antifungal activity of extracts, the intensity of which varied depending on the tested microorganism and the type of extract. Methanolic extract of G. verum in all doses showed significant potential to alleviate carrageenan-induced inflammation, with the most pronounced effect achieved with the highest dose. Four-week treatment with G. verum extract in all doses significantly improved the myocardial functional recovery and contributed to preservation of contraction and relaxation of the heart, as well as the response of coronary circulation to ischemia. The extract of this plant species diminished cardiac and systemic production of pro-oxidants as well. The above-mentioned protective effects of the G. verum extract were achieved both in conditions of normal and elevated blood pressure, with more intensive influence after administration of higher doses. Conclusion: The promising effects of G. verum in this PhD thesis provides a basis for future research which would further explore the therapeutic possibilities of this plant species and illuminate mechanisms underlying pharmacological activity.