Halofitne biljne vrste - izolovanje i karakterizacija sekundarnih metabolita

Abstract

Predmet proučavanja ove doktorske disertacije su sekundarni metaboliti halofita (biljaka koje naseljavaju staništa sa visokim sadržajem soli). U Srbiji se zaslanjena staništa uglavnom javljaju na teritoriji Vojvodine. U ovom radu izolovani su i hemijski okarakterisani flavonoidni glikozidi i saponini iz halofitnih vrsta roda Atriplex (A. littoralis, A. tatarica i A. prostrata) i određena je njihova različita biološka aktivnost. Pored biljaka iz roda Atriplex ispitivana je halofitna biljna vrsta Artemisia santonicum iz koje je izolovano etarsko ulje, određen hemijski sastav i ispitana biološka aktivnost. Halofitne biljne vrste se u tradicionalnoj medicini koriste u brojne svrhe kao antiseptici, diuretici, antiparazitici, antipiretici, purgativi, laksativi, za lečenje dijabetesa, visokog krvnog pritiska, astme, gihta i reumatizma. Ekstrakti i jedinjenja izolovana iz vrsta roda Atriplex pokazuju antioksidativnu, antimikrobnu, citotoksičnu, antiparazitsku, i insekticidnu aktivnost. Etarska ulja vrsta roda Artemisia su pokazala antioksidativnu, antibakterijsku, antifungalnu, antiparazitsku, hepatoprotektivnu, neuroprotektivnu i antimalarijsku aktivnost. Vrste roda Atriplex su bogat izvor sekundarnih metabolita prvenstveno flavonoida, saponina i alkaloida. U okviru ove disertacije izolovano je i okarakterisano ukupno 13 jedinjenja, od kojih je 7 novih prirodnih proizvoda (43-45, 51-54). Iz vrste A. littoralis izolovano je 6 jedinjenja, četiri flavonoidna glikozida (43-46) i dva fenolna jedinjenja (47, 48). Iz A. tatarica izolovano je 6 jedinjenja, tri flavonoidna glikozida (49-51) i tri triterpenska saponina oleanolnog tipa (52-54). Iz etarskog ulja Artemisia santonicum izolovan je oksigenovani monoterpen (55)...

The subject of this doctoral dissertation are the secondary metabolites of halophytes (plants wild growing at saline habitats). In Serbia such habitats are mainly found in Vojvodina. Flavonoid glycosides and saponins from halophytic species Atriplex (A. littoralis, A. tatarica and A. prostrata) were isolated, chemically characterized and their various biological activities were determined. In addition, a halophyte species from the genus Artemisia (A. santonicum) was examined. Its essential oil was isolated, the chemical composition determined and various biological activities of this were tested. Several halophytic plant species are used in many traditional formulations as antiseptics, diuretics, antiparasitics, antipyretics, purgatives, laxatives, for the treatment of diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma, gout and rheumatism. Extracts and compounds isolated from the genus Atriplex show antiparasitic, insecticidal, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity. Essential oils of the genus Artemisia have shown antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and antimalarial activity. Atriplex species are a rich source of secondary metabolites, primarily flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids. In this study, a total of 13 compounds were isolated and characterized by means of spectroscopic techniques (1D and 2D NMR, IR and MS). Among them seven (43-45, 51-54) were the new compounds. At the same time, in the extract of A. littoralis, six compounds, four flavonoid glycosides (43-46) and two phenolic compounds (47, 48) were identified. From A. tatarica six compounds, three flavonoid glycosides (49-51) and three triterpene saponins of an oleanane type (52-54) were isolated. An oxygenated monoterpene (55) was isolated from Artemisia santonicum essential oil...