Predmet i priroda patriotske privrženosti u pluralnim društvima
The object and nature of patriotic allegiance in plural societies.
Докторанд
Beljinac, NikolaМентор
Pavićević, ĐorđeЧланови комисије
Jovanović, Miodrag A.Vujačić, Ilija
Метаподаци
Приказ свих података о дисертацијиСажетак
Predmet doktorske disertacije je osnov osećanja patriotske privrženosti u pluralnim
liberalno-demokratskim društvima. U radu istražujem normativne domete tri
najuticajnija teorijska pristupa patriotizmu: liberalnog nacionalizma, novog
republikanizma i ustavnog patriotizma. Zastupam tezu da, u multikulturnom kontekstu,
normativno opravdana koncepcija patriotske privrženosti mora počivati na proširenom
shvatanju jednakosti koje u sebe uključuje jednakost u pripadanju političkoj zajednici.
Jednakost u pripadanju postoji onda kada svaki građanin, na jednakoj osnovi i
nezavisno od svojih posebnih identiteta, može doživeti državu koju nastanjuje kao svoj
politički dom.
Rad je sačinjen od sedam poglavlja. U prvom poglavlju predlažem da patriotizam
odredimo kao formu privrženosti koja se izražava putem brige za dobrobit patrie i
zemljaka. Patriotska privrženost se potom analitički deli u dva dela: predmet i prirodu
privrženosti. U nastavku sledi pregled istorijske geneze patriotskog etosa kroz... sledeće
epohe: antička Grčka, antički Rim, rano Hrišćanstvo, feudalno doba, period
apsolustičkih monarhija i doba nacionalne države. Konstatujem da se s pojavom
nacionalne države patriotizam utopio u nacionalistički diskurs. Drugo poglavlje je
posvećeno etičkim raspravama o patriotizmu. Etičke debate o moralnom statusu
posebnih odnosa zaslužne su za povratak patriotizma u sferu akademskog izučavanja.
Etičke argumente u prilog patriotizma najpre delim u dve grupe: konsekvencijalističke i
nekonsekvencijalističke, a potom ih detaljno preispitujem kroz model dodeljenih
odgovornosti, teoriju fer-pleja i zahvalnosti, teoriju prirodnih dužnosti i kantijansku
teoriju. U trećem poglavlju razmatram mesto patriotske privrženosti u liberalnokomunitarnom
sporu. Posebnu pažnju posvećujem komunitarnim argumentima
ukorenjenog sopstva, društvenog okruženja i moralnog obrazovanja. U četvrtom
poglavlju analiziram predmet i prirodu patriotske privrženosti u teorijama liberalnog
nacionalizma. Tvrdim da etnička komponenta nacionalnog identiteta onemogućava da
predmet patriotske privrženosti bude jednako dostupan svim građanima što može uticati
na manjak samopoštovanja i samovrednovanja kod pripadnika etnokulturnih manjina.
Peto poglavlje se bavi predmetom i prirodom patriotske privrženosti u novom
republikanizmu, s akcentom na Virolijev ukorenjeni republikanizam. Smatram da je
Virolijev patriotizam nepodesan za multikulturna društva jer pripadnicima etnokulturnih
manjina nameće dvostruki teret: prihvatanje kulturnog obrasca republike i aktivnu brigu
za stanje republikanskih ustanova. U šestom poglavlju istražujem postavke teorije
ustavnog patriotizma u delima Dolfa Sternergera, Jirgena Habermasa, Jan-Vernera
Milera i Pečen Markel. Odbacujem shvatanja ustavnog patriotizma u kojima se predmet
privrženosti fiksira, ali i one pristupe koje predmet privrženosti trajno odbacuju.
Zastupam verziju ustavnog patriotizma u kojoj priroda patriotske privrženosti kreira
politički ambijent kojem smo privrženi. U poslednjem poglavlju sumiram svoje nalaze i
zaključujem da je modifikovana teorija ustavnog patriotizma normativno najprikladnija
za pluralna društva.
The subject of this doctoral dissertation is the ground of patriotic allegiance in
plural liberal-democratic societies. In this work I explore the normative scope of the
three most influential theoretical approaches to patriotism: liberal nationalism, new
republicanism and constitutional patriotism. I argue that, in a multicultural context, a
normatively justified conception of patriotic allegiance must rest on an extended
understanding of equality that includes equality in belonging to the political community.
Equality in belonging exists when every citizen, on an equal basis and independently of
her particular identities, can experience the state she inhabits as her political home.
The work is consisted of seven chapters. In the first chapter, I propose that
patriotism should be defined as a form of allegiance expressed through care for the
welfare of the patria and compatriots. Patriotic allegiance is then analytically divided
into two parts: the object and nature of allegiance. Bel...ow is an overview of the
historical genesis of the patriotic ethos through the following epochs: ancient Greece,
ancient Rome, early Christianity, feudalism, the period of absolute monarchies and the
age of the nation state. I ascertain that patriotism has sunk into nationalist discourse
with the emergence of the nation state. The second chapter is devoted to ethical debates
on patriotism. Ethical debates on the moral status of special ties are responsible for the
return of patriotism to the sphere of academic study. I first divide ethical arguments in
favor of patriotism in two groups: the consequentialist and non- consequentialist, and
then I reconsider them in detail through the model of assigned responsibilities, the
theory of fair play and gratitude, the theory of natural duties, and the Kantian theory. In
the third chapter, I reflect on the place of patriotic allegiance in the liberal-communal
debate. I pay special attention to the communal arguments of the unencumbered self, the
social thesis and moral education. In the fourth chapter, I analyze the object and nature
of patriotic allegiance in the theories of liberal nationalism. I affirm that the ethnic
component of the national identity prevents the object of patriotic allegiance to be
equally accessible to all citizens, which can induce the lack of self-esteem and selfevaluation
among members of ethno-cultural minorities. The fifth chapter deals with the
object and the nature of patriotic allegiance in the new republicanism, with the emphasis
on Viroli's rooted republicanism. I consider Viroli's patriotism to be inappropriate for
multicultural societies because it imposes a double burden to the members of ethnocultural
minorities: they are asked to accept the cultural pattern of the republic and to
take active care for the condition of the institutions of the republic. In chapter six I
examine the tenets of the theory of constitutional patriotism in the works of Dolf
Sternerger, Jürgen Habermas, Jan-Werner Müller and Patchen Markell. I reject the
conceptions of constitutional patriotism in which the object of allegiance is fixed, but
also those approaches that permanently reject any objects of allegiance. I advocate the
version of constitutional patriotism in which nature of patriotic allegiance creates a
political environment to which we are committed. In the last chapter I summarize my
findings and conclude that the modified theory of constitutional patriotism is
normatively most suitable for plural societies.
Факултет:
Универзитет у Београду, Факултет политичких наукаДатум одбране:
30-09-2019Пројекти:
- Конституционализам и владавина права у изградњи националне државе - случај Србије (RS-47026)
- Политички идентитет Србије у регионалном и глобалном контексту (RS-179076)